Ilana Andretta

Women users of crack: systematic review of Brazilian literature

Objective To present Brazilian’s empirical studies that address this issue between the period of 2004 to 2014. Methods It is a Brazilian literature Systematic Review using the descriptors “crack cocaine” AND “women”, in the database Scopus, Lilacs, Medline and SciELO. Results From the 785 articles found, 16 articles contemplated the inclusion criteria. It was evidenced that the use of crack by women is related to physical and sexual violence, provoking HIV risks in consequence of prostitution, and social prejudice. Conclusion Given this reality, studies evaluating treatments in the Brazilian context are essential, according the specificities of women crack users.

Habilidades sociais e variáveis sociodemográficas em crianças com idade escolar: um estudo descritivo

Childhood is an important period for the acquisition and development of social skills and the defi cits in this area are related to inappropriate behaviors, poor school performance and diffi culties in interpersonal relationships. This study aims to identify the social skills’ children in the school context and measure the relationship with sociodemographic variables. To evaluate social skills was used the Inventory System of Social Skills for Children (Inventario Multimidia de Habilidades Sociais para Criancas – IMHSC-Del Prette) as well as a questionnaire to assess sociodemographic data. Participated in this study 100 children from 07 to 14 years old from elementary school of a city in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul/ RS. The results indicate a trajectory of expansion of social skills, as the participants aged 10 years or more have proved more socially skilled than 7 years-old children. Therefore, this study’s results highlight the importance of social skills during childhood from the perspective that the presence of these skills may act as a protective factor during child development.

Uso da entrevista motivacional com pacientes com doença renal crônica: uma revisão sistemática da literatura

Kidney insufficiency is a chronic disease and, in most cases, a permanent condition, without quick improvements or alternatives of progressive evolution, leading the patient to undergo a treatment of hemodialysis to survive. For many patients, adhering to treatment is synonymous with suffering and resistance. At the same time, this adhesion means the quality of life and longevity for the patient, which results in feelings of ambivalence. For these reasons, practices that facilitate this process are necessary. The Motivational Interview (MI) is a model of intervention which has proven quite effective in different clinical situations, especially in cases where there is a need of behavior changes, management of resistance and identification of the patients own motivations for adhering to these new behaviors. Considering this reality, this study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the subject, in order to analyze and discuss the possibilities of the use and effectiveness of this practice for patients under hemodialysis treatment. It was found that the MI has presented results quite effective to increase adherence to clinical treatments and medical products as well as in reducing depressive symptoms, commonly presented in patients. But his studies are still quite recent, and there is a greater need of deepening the theme.

Effects of a brief mindfulness-based intervention on emotional regulation and levels of mindfulness in senior students

Mindfulness-based interventions have been applied in diverse populations and achieved mental health benefits. This study examined the effects of a brief mindfulness program for emotional regulation and levels of mindfulness on senior students in Brazil. The intervention consisted of six weekly meetings attended by 30 participants. It is a pre-experimental research, with pre- and post-test comparative and correlation measurements. The preliminary results, which relied on parametrical and non-parametrical tests, revealed a reduction in total emotional regulation difficulties (p = 0.0001; r = − 0.55). Also, there was an increase in the levels of mindfulness in the subtests for both dimensions under evaluation: “Awareness” (p = 0.0001; d = 0.77) and “Acceptance” (p = 0.048; d = 0.37). By associating the amount of meditative practices performed by students with the variables, a significant positive correlation was found with the mindfulness dimension “Awareness” (rP = 0.422; p = 0.020), and there was a significant negative correlation with Difficulties in emotion regulation (rS = − 0.478; p = 0.008) and with its respective subscales “Non-acceptance” (rS = − 0.654; p = 0.0001) and “Clarity” (rS = − 0.463; p = 0.010). In conclusion, the application of a brief mindfulness-based intervention is promising in Brazilian university contexts; moreover, it can bring benefits to students, e.g., an increase in emotion regulation as well as in levels of mindfulness. We suggest that further research should use an experimental design and follow-up.

Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Drug Users undergoing Treatment in Therapeutic Communities

Abstract Symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress may interfere negatively in the progress of treatment of substance abusers. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of depression, anxiety and stress in men and women undergoing treatment for substance use disorder in therapeutic communities, relating such levels with the type of substance used and sociodemographic data. We used a Sociodemographic and Drug Use Data Questionnaire and the DASS-21. Participants included 115 men and 53 women on treatment (M=32 years; SD=8.7). Most were users of tobacco and crack, the latter associated with women. Tobacco and other drug users who were unemployed were associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in the DASS-21. The results do not allow a causal relationship between the variables, but highlight the relevance of including in the treatments, strategies for smoking cessation and professional reintegration. Such strategies may help to reduce the symptoms evaluated by the DASS-21, improving living conditions for coping with substance use disorders.

Síntomas de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés en Usuarios de Drogas en Tratamiento en Comunidades Terapéuticas

Abstract Symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress may interfere negatively in the progress of treatment of substance abusers. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of depression, anxiety and stress in men and women undergoing treatment for substance use disorder in therapeutic communities, relating such levels with the type of substance used and sociodemographic data. We used a Sociodemographic and Drug Use Data Questionnaire and the DASS-21. Participants included 115 men and 53 women on treatment (M=32 years; SD=8.7). Most were users of tobacco and crack, the latter associated with women. Tobacco and other drug users who were unemployed were associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in the DASS-21. The results do not allow a causal relationship between the variables, but highlight the relevance of including in the treatments, strategies for smoking cessation and professional reintegration. Such strategies may help to reduce the symptoms evaluated by the DASS-21, improving living conditions for coping with substance use disorders.

Sintomas de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse em Usuários de Drogas em Tratamento em Comunidades Terapêuticas

Abstract Symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress may interfere negatively in the progress of treatment of substance abusers. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of depression, anxiety and stress in men and women undergoing treatment for substance use disorder in therapeutic communities, relating such levels with the type of substance used and sociodemographic data. We used a Sociodemographic and Drug Use Data Questionnaire and the DASS-21. Participants included 115 men and 53 women on treatment (M=32 years; SD=8.7). Most were users of tobacco and crack, the latter associated with women. Tobacco and other drug users who were unemployed were associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in the DASS-21. The results do not allow a causal relationship between the variables, but highlight the relevance of including in the treatments, strategies for smoking cessation and professional reintegration. Such strategies may help to reduce the symptoms evaluated by the DASS-21, improving living conditions for coping with substance use disorders.

mindfulness in Social Skills Training for Drug Users

From the advances in drug users treatment, strategies as mindfulness and Social Skills Training (SST) are identified as promising by the literature. In this way, this academic article aims to discuss the possibilities of mindfulness included into SST in the treatment of drug users. From the contextualization about the drug use in Brazil, expose the cognitive-behavioral treatment for substance use disorder. Discuss five topics: 1) Social Skills in Drug Use Context; 2) The SST for Drug Users; 3) Anxiety and Strategies of Mindfulness; 4) Mindfulness Relevance for Drug Users under Treatment and 5) Operationalization of Mindfulness Strategy in SST. Through the comprehension of these topics, it is understood that mindfulness can contribute to the decrease of anxiety in drug users, enhancing the SST effects in drug users and assisting the development of social skills and relapse prevention. Consequently, treatment gains are attributed, empowering changes and lifestyle in short and long period.

Uso de Drogas no Contexto Familiar

Introducao: problemas familiares relacionados a usuarios de drogas sao apontados pela literatura, entretanto o tipo de droga utilizado por pais, maes e irmaos necessita ser discutido. Objetivo: descrever o uso problematico de drogas por parte dos familiares, identificando o grau de parentesco e o tipo de droga utilizada e compreender suas caracteristicas sociodemograficas. Metodo: pesquisa quantitativa, transversal e descritiva. Amostra: participaram 128 usuarios de drogas em tratamento de internacao, sendo excluidos os que apresentassem transtorno psicotico e prejuizo cognitivo. Resultados: a maioria dos participantes era solteiro, com baixa escolaridade e media salarial de ate um salario minimo. Os problemas familiares com o uso de drogas foram relatados por 85,15% (n=109) dos participantes. O uso problematico do alcool foi referido em sua maioria por parte do pai, o tabaco por parte da mae e a cocaina por parte do irmao. Conclusao: tais dados apontam que os problemas com drogas licitas foram descritos pelos pais, e o uso de droga ilicita, pelos irmaos. Com isso, evidencia-se que acoes de carater preventivo devem focalizar os tipos de drogas utilizadas pelos familiares. Alem disso, as mudancas necessarias ao usuario de drogas no tratamento tambem devem ser consideradas a familia.

Esquemas iniciais desadaptativos e habilidades sociais educativas: pais e mães

Parental interpretational schemes and skills in the process of parenting are critical to the healthy development of children. The present study aims to determine whether the Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS) and Social Educational Skills (P-SES) differ between father and mother. This is a cross-sectional study of comparative type, which was attended by 154 parents (46 fathers and 108 mothers) who were included for having at least one child aged between seven and 11 years. The parents answered a questionnaire on sociodemographic data, the Jeffrey Young Schema Inventory (YQS-S3) and the Social Educational Skills Inventory for parents of Del Prette and Del Prette. The mothers presented higher scores in the EMS of dependence / incompetence, entanglement, failure and self-sacrifice, and also were more skilled than the fathers in the total P-SES factor, in establishing limits and in communication with their children. Although mothers have shown themselves to be more skillful in educational practices, the identified schemes interfered with distorted interpretations of facts, which in motherhood may influence the ability of mothers to educate and stimulate their children. Results support researchers and clinicians with preventive measures, providing a further interpretation in educational practices that differentiate fathers and mothers.