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Can different geographic conditions affect the formation of striae gravidarum? A multicentric study

Striae gravidarum (SG) is a most common physiological skin change that many pregnant women experience during pregnancy. We investigated the effects of geographic conditions and altitude on the formation of SG.

Genotoxicity of the some selective estrogen receptor modulators: a review.

The objective of this article is to review genotoxicological profile of the major selective estrogen receptor modulators, including clomiphene, tamoxifen, toremifene, raloxifene. These drugs have been used for infertility treatment and breast cancer prevention in high risk-women. However, some studies reported that especially tamoxifen is a genotoxic agent and is related with endometrial cancer. Our review indicate that clomiphene and tamoxifen were found as genotoxic agent in majority of the tests. However published reports showed that toremifene is a weakly genotoxic agent. The genotoxic effects of raloxifene are still poorly known. Further genotoxicity studies should be conducted especially for raloxifene.

Induction of sister chromatid exchanges and cell division delays by clomiphene citrate in human lymphocytes

Objective: Clomiphene citrate (CC) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator and is used for the treatment of in vitro fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, intrauterine insemination, and so on. In this study, sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and cell cycle delays were analyzed to investigate genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of CC in peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy women. Methods: Human peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from two donors were used to detect genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of CC. Lymphocytes were treated with various concentrations (0.40, 0.80, 1.60, and 3.20 µg/ml) of CC. A negative (distilled water) and a positive control (mitomycin-C = 0.20 µg/ml) were also used simultaneously with test substance-treated cultures. SCEs and cell division delays were measured from 25 cells and 100 cells perdonor, respectively. Results: CC significantly increased the mean SCE value at all concentrations compared with the negative control. This increase was found to be dose dependent (r = 0.83) and at the highest concentration, nearly two times higher increase was observed than the negative control. However, replication index was not affected by the CC treatment. Conclusion: The present study shows that CC is genotoxic for human lymphocytes in vitro. Further investigations, especially in vivo are now needed in different test organisms to clarify the genotoxic activity of CC, which should also help to better understand genotoxic mechanism of this ovulation-stimulating drug.

Sexual and Reproductive Health Education Needs, Gender Roles Attitudes and Acceptance of Couple Violence According to Engaged Men and Women

This descriptive study was aimed to evaluate the attitudes of the engaged men and women who are of legal age to marry towards gender roles and acceptance of couple violence, and determine their sexual/reproductive health education needs. It was conducted in two marriage registry offices in Ankara, Turkey. The study sample consisted of 740 participants. Data were collected by using semi-structured form, Gender Roles Attitude Scale and Acceptance of Couple Violence Scale. It was found that the engaged couples had educational needs concerning sexual/reproductive health; socio-demographic characteristics such as gender, age, education, residence, and income level created significant differences in the attitudes related to accepting gender roles and violence; and having an egalitarian attitude towards gender roles decreased the rate of accepting violence between the couples. Results indicate that premarital counseling is a promising strategy to support engaged couples’ sexual/reproductive health needs, and increase their awareness about gender based couple violence in communities.

Dördüncü sınıf ebelik ve hemşirelik öğrencilerinin doğum sonu cinsel sağlık yönetimine ilişkin bilgi ve tutumları

Bu calisma, ebelik ve hemsirelik dorduncu sinif ogrencilerinin dogum sonu cinsel saglik yonetimine iliskin bilgi ve tutumlarini belirlemek amaciyla tanimlayici olarak yapilmistir. Arastirmanin evrenini 2012-2013 egitim ogretim yilinda dorduncu sinifta egitim goren ebelik (77) ve hemsirelik (75) ogrencileri olusturmustur. Arastirmaya katilmayi kabul eden 145 kisi ile calisma tamamlanmistir. Arastirmanin verileri, veri toplama formu araciliyla 06.05.2013-24.05.2013 tarihleri arasinda toplanmistir. Verilerin degerlendirilmesinde, frekans ve yuzde hesaplamalari, ki kare testi kullanilmistir. Arastirmamiza katilan ogrencilerin yas ortalamasi 22.5+1.79 olup, %50.4’u hemsirelik bolumu, %49.6’si ebelik bolumu ogrencisidir. Arastirmamiza katilan hemsirelik ogrencilerinin %77.8’i ebelik ogrencilerinin %91.7’si postpartum donemde taburculuk egitim verirken cinsel saglik konusunda bilgi verdigini ifade etmistir. Ogrencilerin %43.4’u postpartum donemde cinsel saglik egitimi ve danismanligi verme konusunda kismen yeterli egitime sahip olduklarini belirtmistir. Calismamizda postpartum donemde kadinlarin ogrencilerden talep ettigi egitim konularin basinda cinsel iliskiye baslama zamani (%78.7) ikinci sirada ise aile planlamasi yontemlerinin (%23.0) geldigi belirlenmistir. Ogrencilerin, dogum sonu cinsel iliskiye baslama zamani ve ureme organlarinin dogum oncesi doneme donus suresi konularinda bilgi duzeyleri genel olarak yeterli olmakla birlikte, dogum sonu donem ovulasyonun baslama zamani ve aile planlamasi konularinda bilgilerinin yeterli duzeyde olmadigi dusunulmektedir. Genel olarak ebelik ogrencilerinin bilgi duzeyinin, hemsirelik ogrencilerine gore daha iyi oldugunu belirlenmistir. Bunun nedeninin ise ebelik ogrencilerinin daha fazla sayida kadin sagligi ile ilgili ders almalarina bagli oldugu dusunulmektedir. Arastirma sonuclarimiz dogrultusunda profesyonel tutum ve bilginin gelistirilmesinde ebelik ve hemsirelik mufredatlarinda cinsel saglik dersinin verilmesi ve cinsel saglik danismanligini gelistirmeye yonelik uygulamalar yapilmasi onerilmektedir