Imdad Ullah

Aggregation and electrochemical properties of 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-dodecanoylthiourea: A novel thiourea-based non-ionic surfactant

AbstractA novel thiourea-based non-ionic surfactant 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-dodecanoylthiourea (4CPDT) was synthesized from decanoyl chloride, potassium thiocyanate and 4-chloroanline in high yield. The structural chemistry of the compound was done by multiple nuclear NMR (1H, 13C) and FT-IR. UV-Visible spectrophotometry and pendant drop methods were used to evaluate their critical micelle concentration in ethanol and hexane. This surfactant showed very low solubility in water, and interestingly low but well-defined, sub-millimolar critical micelle concentration (CMC) in ethanol and hexane, demonstrating that this is moderately amphiphobic. Its low value of critical micelle concentration indicates economical use for cleaning purposes and environment-friendly applications. It was also characterized by cyclic and square wave voltammetry and found to be electrochemically active giving sharp signal in different pH media. Graphical AbstractA novel thiourea-based non-ionic surfactant 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-dodecanoylthiourea (4CPDT) was synthesized from decanoyl chloride, potassium thiocyanate and 4-chloroanline in high yield. The structural chemistry of the compound was done by multiple nuclear NMR (1H, 13C) and FT-IR. UV-Visible spectrophotometry and pendant drop methods were used to evaluate the CMC in ethanol and hexane.

Synthesis and Spectrophotometric Study of Toxic Metals Extraction by Novel Thio-Based Non-Ionic Surfactant

Abstract A new thio-based non-ionic surfactant 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-te-tradecanoylthiourea has been synthesized from potassium thiocyanate, tetradecanoyl chloride and 3-chloroanaline. The purity of the compound was characterized by techniques like 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FT-IR. The compound was used to detect the toxic metals like copper, mercury and manganese by using UV-Visible spectrophotometric technique. The compound is able to act as a ligand as well to form micelles. Due to this the compound extracts these toxic metals in form of solubilization and complexation. The extracted metals settle down to the bottom in a water tank. The visible change in color with time proves the interaction of the compound with the metals. The compound having carbonyl as well as sulfur groups have soft corner to metal for complexation. This will be used to remove toxic metals from polluted soil and soft drinking surface and underground water. The surfactant is easily synthesized, very economical and environmentally acceptable. The CMC of the surfactant is also determined.

Cost Effective Procedures for Extremely Efficient Synthesis of Environmental Friendly Surfactants

Abstract Für die Synthese von Tensiden mit bestimmten Eigenschaften werden verschiedene Vorgehensweisen der Synthese ausgearbeitet. In der gegenwärtigen Arbeit werden einige kostengünstige Vorgehensweisen mit reduzierter Anzahl an Reaktionsschritten zur äußerst effizienten Synthese biologisch abbaubarer und umweltfreundlicher Tenside diskutiert. Die in diesen Methoden verwendeten Ausgangsmaterialien stammen aus ökonomisch günstigen Quellen wie Monosacchariden, Harzsäuren, Fettsäuren etc. Kosten entstehen dann nur noch aufgrund des Einsatzes von Lösemitteln und Spezialreagenzien. Obwohl viele Naturprodukte bereits jetzt schon erhältlich sind, sind nur einige wenige für die Umsetzung zu Tensiden geeignet. Die Diskussion über die Herstellung von verschiedenen Tensiden für gängige Produkte ergibt sich aus der Tatsache, dass kein gutes Universaltensid für jede potentielle Anwendung erhältlich ist.

An overview of the ongoing insights in selenium research and its role in fish nutrition and fish health

In the present review, the ongoing researches about selenium research in fish nutrition have been comprehensively discussed. Selenium research is getting popularity in fish nutrition as it is required for the normal growth and proper physiological and biochemical functions in fish. Its deficiency or surplus amounts create severe problems in fish. It is available as inorganic form, organic form, and nano form. In fish, most of the previous research is about the selenium requirements for fish by using only one selenium source mainly the inorganic one. Selenium shows maximum biological activity and bioavailability when it is supplied in proper form. However, to differentiate the more bioavailable and less toxic form of selenium, sufficient information is needed about the comparative bioavailability of different selenium forms in different fish species. In fish, important data about the new forms of selenoproteins is still scarce. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on the determination and elucidation of the new selenoproteins in fish through the utilization of recent approaches of molecular biology and proteomics. The adaptation of these new approaches will replace the old fashioned methodologies regarding the selenium research in fish nutrition. Moreover, the use of molecular biology and proteomics-based new approaches in combination with selenium research will help in optimizing the area of fish nutrition and will improve the feed intake, growth performance, and more importantly the flesh quality which has a promising importance in the consumer market.

Synthesis, Characterizations and Multifunctional Activities of New Thiourea-Based Non-Ionic Surfactants

Abstract Six new thiourea-based non-ionic surfactants were prepared from easily existing raw resources in good yield name 1-sec-butyl-3-dodecanoylthiourea, 1-dodecanoyl-3-phenylthiourea, 1,1-dibutyl-3-dodecanoylthiourea, 3-dodecanoyl-1, 1-diphenylthiourea, 1-cyclohexyl-3-dodecanoylthiourea and 1-butyl-3-dodecanoylthiourea. The structural chemistry of these compounds was studied by multinuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13C), Infrared spectroscopy and UV-Visible spectrophotometry techniques. Their solubility varies according to temperature. They show a low solubility, which increases with the temperature of the water. However, they are not stable. The are soluble in organic solvent like ethanol. These molecules possess a low critical micelle concentration and due to this it shows that they are moderately hydrophobic. These molecules were studied regarding their antimicrobial activities and their antifungal and antibacterial efficiency was tested against five microoganism strains. In all cases, the new compounds show a significant inhibition growth against the tested five bacterial and fungal strains. Due to these behaviors they can be used as future candidates in cleaning as well as in agriculture features. The corrosion inhibition behavior was also studied using chromium and aluminum metals.