In Pyeong Son

Efficacy and safety of topical glycopyrrolate in patients with facial hyperhidrosis: a randomized, multicentre, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled, split‐face study

Although facial hyperhidrosis has been frequently associated with a diminished quality of life, various conservative modalities for its management are still far from satisfactory.

Combination Therapy with Cyclosporine and Psoralen Plus Ultraviolet A in the Patients with Severe Alopecia Areata: A Retrospective Study with a Self-Controlled Design

Background Alopecia areata (AA) is believed to be an organ-specific autoimmune disease in which a mononuclear cell infiltrate develops in and around anagen hair follicles. There is no definitive therapy for AA. Objective We sought to determine whether the combination therapy of cyclosporine and psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) could be an effective treatment for severe AA. Methods A total of 41 patients with severe AA were treated with oral cyclosporine and topical PUVA. Cyclosporine was given at an initial daily dose of 200 mg for adult and 100 mg for children for periods of up to 16 weeks. Eight-methoxypsoralen (Methoxsalen) was applied topically 20 minutes prior to ultraviolet A (UVA) exposure, and the patients were irradiated with UVA twice a week for 16 weeks. Results Of the total 41 patients, 2 (7.3%) patients were lost to follow-up, and 1 (2.4%) patient discontinued the treatment due to abdominal discomfort. Six (14.6%) patients were treated for less than 12 weeks. Of remaining 32 patients, 3 (9.4%) showed excellent response, 3 (9.4%) showed good response, 12 (37.5%) showed fair response, and 14 (43.7%) showed poor response. Conclusion Although limited by its uncontrolled character, this study shows that the combination therapy with cyclosporine and PUVA may be an additional choice for severe and recalcitrant AA.

Electrophysiological study for comparing the effect of biological activity between type A botulinum toxins in rat gastrocnemius muscle

Background: New cosmetic applications and products based on the effects of botulinum toxin (BTX) treatment have stimulated demand for this class of natural compounds. This demand generates the need for appropriate standardized protocols to test and compare the effectiveness of new BTX preparations. Objectives: Based on the previously described electrophysiological methods, we measured and compared the inhibitory effects of two BTX type A (BTX-A) preparations on neuromuscular transmission through split-body test. Methods: The effectiveness was evaluated in terms of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and conduction velocity after BTX-A injection. We used a split-body method to compare two different BTX-As in the rat. Results: Based on the changes in the CMAP, the two different BTX-As induced paralytic effect on the rat tibialis anterior muscle. However, the two different BTX-A preparations did not differ significantly in effectiveness and did not induce a delay in conduction velocity. Conclusions: The new BTX-A preparation used in this electrophysiological study had similar effect compared with the previously marketed BTX-A.[AQ: Please approve the edits made to the sentence “The new BTX-A preparation…”) We propose that a split-body electrophysiological protocol will be useful in establishing the comparative effectiveness of new BTX products.

Inhibitory effect of tianeptine on catagen induction in alopecia areata-like lesions induced by ultrasonic wave stress in mice

Alopecia areata (AA) is characterized by rapid and complete hair loss in one or multiple areas of the scalp. Stress is an important triggering factor in AA.

Sorafenib (Nexavar Ⓡ , BAY 43-9006)-induced Hand-foot Skin Reaction with Facial Erythema

Sorafenib (Nexavar®, BAY 43-9006) is a novel, orally administered multi-kinase inhibitor that has recently been approved for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. It is also used to delay disease progression in patients with advanced solid organ malignancies and metastatic melanoma. Sorafenib is associated with a relatively high incidence of dermatologic adverse events. The commonly occurring dermatologic adverse events associated with sorafenib include hand-foot skin reaction, facial erythema, splinter subungual hemorrhages, alopecia, pruritus and xerosis. We report here on a case of a 50-year-old man who was diagnosed with metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. He developed both facial erythema and hand-foot skin reaction after the administration of sorafenib.

Reticulated Erythema After Nasolabial Fold Injection with Hyaluronic Acid: The Importance of Immediate Attention

The use of injectable filling agents for facial rejuvenation has seen a dramatic rise in popularity. The cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA)-based gels have become the standard in the United States and are now used in more cosmetic procedures than all other fillers combined. HA fillers have a significant and wide safety profile, so complications after administration by experienced and well-trained professionals are infrequent. Complication rates with injections of HA fillers have been reported to be up to 5%. Fortunately, most adverse reactions are mild and transient. Significant vascular complications are the most devastating and potentially permanent complications. The incidence is impossible to establish but is low. Vascular complications can occur with intravascular injection, external vascular compression, vessel injury, and vasospasm.

The annual changes of clinical manifestation of androgenetic alopecia clinic in korean males and females: a outpatient-based study.

Background Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is characterized by the local and gradual transformation of terminal scalp hair into vellus hair, which has a shorter and thinner shaft. There are no studies that analyze annual changes in age, patterns, family history, and associated disease. Objective We investigated the severity of hair loss, age of onset, the frequency of family history, and past medical histories in Korean patients with AGA. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed to identify all patients with AGA referred to the Dermatology Clinic at Chung-Ang University Hospital from January 2006 to December 2010. Results The age of onset was also gradually decreased from 34.1±10.1 years to 31.6±10.9 years between 2006 and 2010. In female patients, specific annual changes were not observed. Hamilton-Norwood Type IIIv AGA was most common in male patients and Ludwig Type I AGA was most common in female patients at all times between 2006 and 2010. The majority of patients with AGA had a family history of baldness and was most commonly associated with a paternal pattern of inheritance. Seborrheic dermatitis was the most common associated disease in male and female patients. Conclusion Our results show the possibilities that the average age of onset is decreasing. The period of the present study was only 5 years, which is not sufficient for the precise determination of onset age for AGA. Clearly, a long-term study is needed.

Methods for Locating the Pores of Epidermal Cysts

Dear Editor: Epidermal cysts manifest as dermal or subcutaneous mobile nodules, and may have a clinically visible central punctum representing the plugging of the pilosebaceous unit from which cheesy debris may be expressed. If treatment is desired, complete excision is the definitive treatment. The region of fusiform excision may be smaller than the area deformed by the cyst; however, the excision should include any poral opening attaching the cyst to the surface. If the entire cyst wall is not removed, the cyst can recur. Because the pore of an epidermal cyst is typically located at the center of the lesion, it is important for surgeons to be aware of the exact location of the central punctum of an epidermal cyst. Tumescent local anesthesia was first described by Klein in 19871. He detailed the infiltration of large volumes of a diluted solution of lidocaine with epinephrine into fat before liposuction. Since then, the use of the tumescent technique has expanded to include other dermatological surgical procedures such as hair transplantation, laser surgery, and abdominoplasty2,3. We describe the use of a simple pinch method and dermal tumescent anesthesia to locate the pores of epidermal cysts during excision. The pinch method is a very easy technique to perform. The pore of an epidermal cyst can be made deeper and wider by pinching the skin with the thumb and the index finger. If the pore is already visible, the punctum can be made more prominent by using the pinching maneuver. If it is difficult to identify the pores on the basis of the gross appearance, the pores can be made visible by pinching several suspected lesions (Fig. 1). Fig. 1 Pinch method. (A) On pinching the skin with the thumb and index finger, the pore of the cyst becomes deeper and wider. (B) An easy case: An already visible pore of a cyst (top panel) is made more prominent by using the pinching maneuver