In-Sung Jeong

Characteristics of Wireless Power Transmission applying the superconducting coil

Interest in Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) technology has been increasing worldwide recently. This trend is proved by commercialized products such as electric toothbrush, wireless razor, and wireless charger for mobile phone battery. Studies for enhancing the applicability of the technology have been continuously conducted. Currently the WPT technology is based on the technologies using microwave, inductively coupling, and magnetic resonance. In the meantime, development of the microwave-based WPT faces difficulty due to health hazards involved in the technology, and application of the WPT technology using inductively coupling is restricted by area due to the problem of transmission length. In comparison, the WPT technology using magnetic resonance draws attention in terms of efficiency and transmission length. In this study, the sending coil based on the WPT technology using magnetic resonance system was replaced with an HTS coil to enhance transmission efficiency. Since the HTS coil has a zero resistance, power transmission loss can be minimized. At the same time, size of the current density could be increased to 100 times or more than typical coils. In addition, through impedance matching of LC device, maximal resonance properties were induced and consequently, frequency selection quality characteristics or Q was enhanced. As a result, the WPT type using the HTS coil showed a longer transmission length and better transmission efficiency compared with the WPT type using typical coils.

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After Prof. Marin Soljacic of Massachusetts Institute of Technology proposed the magnetic resonance wireless power transfer (WPT) in 2007, magnetic-resonance-type WPT has been tried to be applied to various charging equipment. The need for research of magnetic resonance WPT technology is increasing owing to the expectation on its application to electric vehicle and electric railway. In this paper, we used the superconducting coil in order to improve the transmission efficiency of the magnetic resonance WPT system. We found that the superconducting coil indicated higher transmission efficiency and Q-factor bigger than that of the normal conductor coil through the analysis of the S-parameters between the superconductor and normal conductor coils. If this research will be continued, it is expected to be applicable to high-power transmission systems.

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The magnetic resonance method requires high quality factor(Q-factor) of resonators. Superconductor coils were used in this study to increase the Q-factor of wireless power transfer(WPT) systems in the magnetic resonance method. The results showed better transfer efficiency compared to copper coils. However, as superconducting coils should be cooled below critical temperatures, they require cooling containers. In this viewpoint, shielding materials for the cooling containers were applied for the analysis of the WPT characteristics. The shielding materials were applied at both ends of the transmitter and receiver coils. Iron, aluminum, and plastic were used for shielding. The electric field distribution and S-parameters (S11, S21) of superconducting coils were compared and analyzed according to the shield materials. As a result, plastic shielding showed better transfer efficiency, while iron and aluminum had less efficiency. Also, the maximum magnetic field distribution of the coils according to the shielding materials was analyzed. It was found that plastic shielding had 5 times bigger power transfer rate than iron or aluminum. It is suggested that the reliability of superconducting WPT systems can be secured if plastic is used for the cooling containers of superconducting resonance coils.

-Parameters in Magnetic Resonance WPT Using Superconducting Coils

This paper proposed an high-speed superconducting fault current limiter (H-SFCL). The proposed H-SFCL functioned the initial fault current could be covered by the SFCL and the continued fault current after the one-cycle from fault occurrence could be controlled current-limiting-element of the normal conduction. To investigate the operation characteristics of the H-SFCL, a simulation power system was constructed, and a single line-to-ground fault was occurred. As a result, the H-SFCL limited the fault current by more than about 70%, and it was confirmed that the electric power burden was reduced compared to the SFCL that consisted only of superconductors.

Characteristics of Wireless Power Transmission Using Superconductor Coil to Improve the Efficiency According to the Shielding Materials

Due to high oil prices, environmental pollution, the study of electric vehicles have been actively promoted. Charger for the electric vehicle is being developed using wireless rather than cable options. In this paper, we got more efficiency from using a superconducting transmission coil compared to using a normal coil. We implemented a wireless power transmission system using a magnetic induction at a frequency of 63.1 kHz. For comparison, a transmitter was designed using a superconducting coil and a normal coil. In addition, a receiver used a normal coil to apply for electric vehicles. The applied voltage and current were12 V and 5 A. Efficiency at a distance of 40 ~ 80 mm was measured. As a result, the superconducting transmission coil had a higher efficiency than the normal transmission coil. However, the receiving coil should be normal conductor for stable operation considering that it was put in moving electric vehicle. The efficiency was increased to 44 % at a distance of 40 mm when the diameter of normal receiving coil was 120 mm.

Analysis of Characteristics on the High-speed SFCL According to Single Line-ground-fault in the Reclosing Operation

At present, the demand for electric power increases, the electric power system is complicated. The size of the line-to-ground fault and the line-to-line fault occurred with complication of electric power system continue to increase, therefore several issues are raised. To address these issues effectively, the superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) has been proposed, this study is ongoing. In this paper, we applied the SFCL in three-phase transformer and comparative analysis of the electric power burden to the SFCL. The superconductor is combined to the third winding of transformers in connection structure. In case of a third line-to-line fault, we did comparative analysis of the electric power burden to the SFCL based on the turn ratio of transformer third winding. In this case, we could confirm as the third turn ratio increased, electric power impressed to the superconducting element increased.

Efficiency Enhancement of a Wireless Power Transmission System Applying a Superconducting Coil

With the increasing power demands, size of the fault current in electrical grids is steadily increasing, and it exceeds the breaking capacity of circuit breakers. To effectively cope with these problems, a high-speed interrupter was suggested. The high-speed interrupter provides fault current with a bypass to a fault current limiter in case of accidents and consequently, fault current can be restricted. In this study, behavioral characteristics of high-speed interrupter were analyzed by accident types occurred in a distribution system. When accidents occurred, a and b contact of the high-speed interrupter were turned-off and then, turned-on. Accordingly, fault current flowed to the circuit connected to a current limiting element, and the fault current limiter restricted fault current to within a half-cycle. Nevertheless, the behavior of the high-speed interrupter was slowed down by a switching surge. As a result, fault current was confirmed to be restricted not to within the anticipated half-cycle, but to after a half-cycle. Moreover, the behavioral characteristics of the high-speed interrupter changed not only by accident types, but by behaviors of R, S, and T phases. This was due to the errors in stroke lengths of the high-speed interrupters, which resulted in a slight time discrepancy among three interrupters. In addition, the switching behaviors of the b and a contact were confirmed not to have coincided due to the switching surge; b contact behaved first and a contact followed. because of this, accuracy of stroke length and switching surges through the solenoid suction increases may be necessary to resolve.