Ingrid Regina Avanzi

Phenol biodegradation by a microbial consortium: application of artificial neural network (ANN) modelling

In this study, an effective microbial consortium for the biodegradation of phenol was grown under different operational conditions, and the effects of phosphate concentration (1.4 g L−1, 2.8 g L−1, 4.2 g L−1), temperature (25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C), agitation (150 rpm, 200 rpm, 250 rpm) and pH (6, 7, 8) on phenol degradation were investigated, whereupon an artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed in order to predict degradation. The learning, recall and generalization characteristics of neural networks were studied using data from the phenol degradation system. The efficiency of the model generated by the ANN was then tested and compared with the experimental results obtained. In both cases, the results corroborate the idea that aeration and temperature are crucial to increasing the efficiency of biodegradation.

Rapid bacteria identification from environmental mining samples using MALDI-TOF MS analysis.

Copper mining has polluted soils and water, causing a reduction of the microbial diversity and a change in the structure of the resident bacterial communities. In this work, selective isolation combined with MALDI-TOF MS and the 16S rDNA method were used for characterizing cultivable bacterial communities from copper mining samples. The results revealed that MALDI-TOF MS analysis can be considered a reliable and fast tool for identifying copper-resistant bacteria from environmental samples at the genera level. Even though some results were ambiguous, accuracy can be improved by enhancing reference databases. Therefore, mass spectra analysis provides a reliable method to facilitate monitoring of the microbiota from copper-polluted sites. The understanding of the microbial community diversity in copper-contaminated sites can be helpful to understand the impact of the metal on the microbiome and to design bioremediation processes.

Bioremediation potential of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter cloacae isolated from a copper-contaminated area

Background The Sossego mine, located in Canaa dos Carajas, Para, Brazil, has a pond of wastes with low copper concentrations economically unfeasable for extraction. In this place, we can improve environmental conditions and, at the same time, recover part of the ore diluted in these wastes, through evaluation and use of the local biodiversity, in bioremediation processes, once the use of this technology, will allow the decontamination as well the recovery of these metals with high value. Once there are some restrictions on the microorganisms introduction in the environment, it is important to establish the bioremediation potential of native species from a particular location. Therefore, it is necessary to study the biodegradation processes or biotransformation of compounds in the microbial biodiversity already adapted that are responsible for these processes in the environment, first in a bench scale[1]. In this work, among the 22 strains isolated from environmental samples from a copper mine, two of them presented great potential for bioremediation. Strains were identified and both were subjected to comparative study of their bioremediation potential and showed good results in concentrations up to 320ppm of copper.

Comparative study of microbial community from mining wastes - focus on future recovery of copper

Background The interaction between microorganisms and heavy metals has been occurring since the beginning of life on the planet, 4 billion years ago, which allowed the biological evolution of resistance in systems and the survival of these microorganisms in environments containing high metals concentrations of metals [1]. Recently, a bioremediation review presented by Perpetuo et.al. [2] considers the bioremediation technique as a feasible alternative for treatment and recovery of sites contaminated by heavy metals. However, a previous study of the microbial community living in these areas is necessary as well as the isolation of resistant and effective microorganisms with characteristics favorable to bioprocess, for remotion or concentration of these metals and also for subsequent metal reuse. This study investigates the bioprospection of natural selected copper-resistant organisms from a copper mining located in Pará, Brazil, for future reuse purposes.

Proteomic profiles comparison of three isolated bacteria strains from a copper processing area

Background Release of toxic metals is one of most significant environmental problems since industrial revolution, mainly because heavy metals are not degraded and, therefore, remain in the environment. Some natural ecosystems may contain high heavy metals concentrations and, thus, it is not surprising that genes resistance to heavy metals are easily found in bacteria living in these environmental samples [1]. Soils, sediments and waters contaminated with xenobiotics compounds are suitable substrates for isolation of these adapted microorganisms [2]. Thereby, proteome analysis has become a powerful tool for investigating global changes in prokaryotic gene expression. Once the two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) displays all bacterial soluble proteins expressed at specific culture conditions on gel, high throughput screening of these induced proteins is possible. This study has a purpose to isolated bacteria that tolerate high concentrations of copper and compared their proteomic profiles. The understanding about the copper metabolic role of these microorganisms it will be helpful to improve bioprocesses of decontamination.

Microbial biodegradation of landfill leachates located in São Paulo state, Brazil

Background Leachate is one of the most problems present in landfills, mainly due to large production and the ability to cause serious environmental damages next to these areas. An activated sludge process is commonly used for biodegrading organic contaminants in wastewater using a mixed population of microorganisms. This technology is consolidated for wastewater treatment, and recently has been used as the first step in leachate treatment process. In this work, initially, physical-chemical and biological parameters of the leachate from different landfills (Areais and Bandeirantes, both in SP), were evaluated. Also the microbial consortium present in the sludge from a wastewater plant of the Capuava Petrobras Refinery, (SP) was characterized. Purpose of this work was to study the kinetic properties of the activated sludge process by removal of the pollutant organic matter, represented by the decrease of Total Organic Carbon (TOC). In order to verify the bioremediation efficiency, experiments were developed comparing the leachates before and after biological treatments. Results show that combination of leachate and sludge can decrease the organic load significantly, demonstrating bioremediation efficiency.