Ioana Csáki

CoCrFeNiMo High Entropy Alloy Produced by Solid State Processing

Mechanical alloying (MA) is a high-energy ball milling process results in the obtaining of simple and stable microstructures having increased homogeneity compared to other non-equilibrium synthesis methods. The aim of this paper was to develop a high entropy alloy with an improved hardness value suitable for coating turbine blades working in geothermal steam. CoCrFeNiMo high entropy alloy was processed in solid state, using mechanical alloying. After 40h milling time in a planetary ball mill the alloyed sample was consolidated using spark plasma sintering process. The samples obtained were investigated with the aid of optical and electron microscope, X ray diffraction and the hardness value was determined. The results obtained revealed that the powder was completely alloyed after 40 hour milling and the mixture between BCC and FCC phases resulted in 34% improved hardness value in comparison with a stainless steel usually used for turbine blades working in geothermal environment.

Aspects of the Structure and Corrosion Resistance of Materials Used in Tongue Piercings

For centuries, piercing was an expression of art around the world and constituted a significant part of the culture and rituals of many different civilizations. This study evaluated the microstructure and the corrosion resistance in artificial saliva of two newly implantable devices used in tongue piercing. We investigated materials microstructure by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), followed by an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis in order to determine elemental composition. The corrosion resistance was determined by linear polarization technique. The corrosion tests were performed in artificial saliva Fusayama Meyer (composition: 0.4 gl-1NaCl, 0.9 gl-1 KCl, 1 gl-1 urea, 0.69 gl-1 NaH2PO4, 0.795 gl-1 CaCl * 2H2O) with a pH = 5.2 at temperature of 37 ± 0.5°C. The materials used for these types of implants were identified as Ti-6Al-4V alloy (sample 1) and austenitic stainless steel (sample 2). From corrosion resistance evaluation point of view, sample 1 showed the most electropositive value and hence better corrosion behavior compared to sample 2, having the Ecor potential -398.24 mV but this is clearly according the chemical composition of these two metallic biomaterials.

Pressure Influence on the AlCrFeNiMn/Graphite High Entropy Composite Microhardness

During the last years, mechanical alloying technique for high entropy alloys (HEAs) has been more often approached due to the good homogenous chemical distribution and near net shape technology provided by the respectively process. A new composite material having the matrix as HEA reinforced with graphite particles was designed. The graphite particles addition in the high entropy matrix (AlCrFeNiMn) improves the particles weldability during mechanical alloying and assures a good creep behavior for the final product. The aim of this paper is to investigate the pressure influence on the microhardness as dependence of sintering parameters which can be reflected also on the microstructure. The high entropy composite was completely alloyed after 40 hours of milling. The obtained composite was pressed using different pressures values in order to investigate the pressure influence on the microhardness and microstructure. The samples were investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-rays diffraction and microhardness tests. The microhardness values for all the samples were between 300 – 700 HV.

New Bond Coat Materials for Thermal Barrier Coating Systems Processed Via Different Routes

This paper aims at describing the development of new Ru-based Bond Coats (BC) as part of Thermal Barrier Coatings. The challenge of this research was to obtain an adherent and uniform layer of alumina protective layer after high temperature exposure. We have prepared a RuAl 50/50 at% alloy in an induction furnace which was subsequently subjected to oxidation in an electric furnace, in air, at 1100C, for 10h and 100h. Mechanical alloying of Ru and Al powders was another processing route used in an attempt to obtain a stoichiometric RuAl. The alloy was sintered by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) and then oxidized at 1100C for 1 and10h. The alloys obtained as such were analysed before and after oxidation using advanced microscopy techniques (SEM and TEM). The encouraging results in case of RuAl alloys prepared by induction melting reveal that we obtained an adherent and uniform layer of alumina, free of delta-Ru. The results for the samples processed by powder metallurgy were positive but need to be further investigated. We should note here the novelty of this method for this particular type of application – as a BC part of a TBC system.

Some Analysis of Major Impact of Geothermal Fluid Components in Power Plant Equipment

This paper presents the results from a some analysis and major impact of geothermal fluid composition on the equipment in use in geothermal power plant. The structural analysis of material deposition improve the direct influenced of chemical composition of stem and waters included CaO, MgO, Al2O3 and SiO2 incorporated in the molten phase and the deposits in the scales formed due to equipment. The steam turbine corrosion damage, particularly of blades, discs and pomps, has long been recognized as a leading causes of reduced availability in the geothermal power plant. The corrosion process depends on temperature, pressure, chemisty and vaporous carryover by diversity of impurity. The experimental analysis procedure involves characterization of the fluid geothermal composition. Detailed information about surfaces morphological modification of the power plant components are obtained by electron microprobe analysis EDX and SEM investigation. References selection are obtaining by X-ray diffractometer patterns of the specimen.

Morphological characterisation of complex powder used for protective coatings for geothermal plant components

This paper aims to review the morphological characteristics, microstructures, physical and chemical properties of two complex composite powders: Ni18Cr5Si2B and Ni21Cr11Al2.5Y. These powders will be used as an option for coating geothermal turbine blades to prevent corrosion. The corrosion process in the steam turbine results in damages being recognized as the leading cause of reduced availability in geothermal power plants and is depends on temperature, mechanical and vaporous carryover of impurities and water treatment. Thermal spraying is a suitable technique for coating layers with wear and corrosion resistance. Therefore this technique could be successfully used in geothermal applications for obtaining coatings layers from new complex composite powders protecting the turbine blades from corrosions and good control of steam chemistry. The composite powders were investigated using X-ray diffraction and electronic microscopy to provide detailed information about composites morphological modifications. The results obtained after morphological evaluation are encouraging for using these composite powders as an option for coating geothermal components using thermal spraying technique.

Synthesis and characterization of a new high entropy composite matrix

Even if high entropy alloys were not reported in a scientific journal till 2003, these new alloys have been investigated since 1995 due to their high temperature properties. In the last years the synthesis of these alloys has been widely investigated. Thus, the present work has been carried out to produce a high entropy composite using an equiatomic AlCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy (HEA) matrix and graphite particles (Gr) as reinforcing material. The high entropy composite was obtained by powder metallurgy route using a planetary ball mill. The mechanically alloyed mixture was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Microstructural investigation realized by SEM revealed the homogenous structure of the composite, with multiple phases and decreasing particles size, mostly reaching nanometric scale.