Ionel Stetcu

Isovector Giant Dipole Resonance from the 3D Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory for Superfluid Nuclei

A fully symmetry unrestricted Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory extended to include pairing correlations is used to calculate properties of the isovector giant dipole resonances of the deformed open-shell nuclei 172Yb, 188Os, and 238U, and to demonstrate good agreement with experimental data on nuclear photo-absorption cross-sections for two different Skyrme force parameterizations of the energy density functional: SkP and SLy4.

No-core shell model in an effective-field-theory framework

We present a new approach to the construction of effective interactions suitable for many-body calculations by means of the no-core shell model (NCSM). We consider an effective field theory (EFT) with only nucleon fields directly in the NCSM model spaces. In leading order, we obtain the strengths of the three contact terms from the condition that in each model space the experimental ground-state energies of 2 H, 3 H and 4 He be exactly reproduced. The first (0 + ;0) excited state of 4 He and the ground state of 6 Li are then obtained by means of NCSM calculations in several spaces and frequencies. After we remove the harmonic-oscillator frequency dependence, we predict for 4 He an energy level for the first (0 + ;0) excited state in remarkable agreement with the experimental value. The corresponding 6 Li binding energy is about 70% of the experimental value, consistent with the expansion parameter of the EFT. PACS numbers: 21.30.-x,21.60.Cs,24.10.Cn,45.50.Jf The microscopic description of quantum systems, from nuclei to atoms and molecules, is a very difficult task that often involves solving numerically the many-body �

Induced Fission of

We describe the fissioning dynamics of ^{240}Pu from a configuration in the proximity of the outer fission barrier to full scission and the formation of the fragments within an implementation of density functional theory extended to superfluid systems and real-time dynamics. The fission fragments emerge with properties similar to those determined experimentally, while the fission dynamics appears to be quite complex, with many excited shape and pairing modes. The evolution is found to be much slower than previously expected, and the ultimate role of the collective inertia is found to be negligible in this fully nonadiabatic treatment of nuclear dynamics, where all collective degrees of freedom (CDOF) are included (unlike adiabatic treatments with a small number of CDOF).

^{240}

A permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) of a physical system would require time-reversal (T) violation, which is equivalent to charge-conjugation-parity (CP) violation by CPT invariance. Experimental programs are currently pushing the limits on EDMs in atoms, nuclei, and the neutron to regimes of fundamental theoretical interest. Nuclear EDMs can be studied at ion storage rings with sensitivities that may be competitive with atomic and neutron measurements. Here we calculate the magnitude of the CP-violating EDM of {sup 3}He and the expected sensitivity of such a measurement to the underlying CP-violating interactions. Assuming that the coupling constants are of comparable magnitude for {pi}-, {rho}-, and {omega}-exchanges, we find that the pion-exchange contribution dominates. Finally, our results suggest that a measurement of the {sup 3}He EDM is complementary to the planned neutron and deuteron experiments, and could provide a powerful constraint for the theoretical models of the pion-nucleon P,T-violating interaction.

Pu within a Real-Time Microscopic Framework

We implement an effective operator formalism for general one- and two-body operators, obtaining results consistent with the no-core shell model (NCSM) wave functions. The Argonne V8 nucleon-nucleon potential was used in order to obtain realistic wave functions for {sup 4}He, {sup 6}Li and {sup 12}C. In the NCSM formalism, we compute electromagnetic properties using the two-body cluster approximation for the effective operators and obtain results which are sensitive to the range of the bare operator. To illuminate the dependence on the range, we employ a Gaussian two-body operator of variable range, finding weak renormalization of long range operators (e.g., quadrupole) in a fixed model space. This is understood in terms of the two-body cluster approximation which accounts mainly for short-range correlations. Consequently, short range operators, such as the relative kinetic energy, will be well renormalized in the two-body cluster approximation.

Nuclear electric dipole moment of 3He

We apply the general principles of effective field theories to the construction of effective interactions suitable for few- and many-body calculations in a no-core shell model framework. We calculate the spectrum of systems with three and four two-component fermions in a harmonic trap. In the unitary limit, we find that three-particle results are within 10% of known semianalytical values even in small model spaces. The method is very general, and can be readily extended to other regimes, more particles, different species (e.g., protons and neutrons in nuclear physics), or more-component fermions (as well as bosons). As an illustration, we present calculations of the lowest-energy three-fermion states away from the unitary limit and find a possible inversion of parity in the ground state in the limit of trap size large compared to the scattering length. Furthermore, we investigate the lowest positive-parity states for four fermions, although we are limited by the dimensions we can currently handle in this case.

Effective Operators Within the Ab Initio No-Core Shell Model

We construct effective 2- and 3-body Hamiltonians for the p-shell by performing 12{h_bar}{Omega} ab initio no-core shell model (NCSM) calculations for A=6 and 7 nuclei and explicitly projecting the many-body Hamiltonians onto the 0{h_bar}{Omega} space. We then separate these effective Hamiltonians into 0-, 1- and 2-body contributions (also 3-body for A=7) and analyze the systematic behavior of these different parts as a function of the mass number A and size of the NCSM basis space. The role of effective 3- and higher-body interactions for A > 6 is investigated and discussed.

Effective theory for trapped few-fermion systems

We investigate reliability of Gamow-Teller transition strengths computed in the proton-neutron random phase approximation, comparing with exact results from diagonalization in full

Ab initio shell model with a core

0ensuremath{hbar}ensuremath{omega}

Gamow-Teller transitions and deformation in the proton neutron random phase approximation

shell-model spaces. By allowing the Hartree-Fock state to be deformed, we obtain good results for a wide variety of nuclides, even though we do not project onto good angular momentum. We suggest that deformation is as important or more so than pairing for Gamow-Teller transitions.