Ira D. Goldfine

Receptors for insulin, NSILA-s, and growth hormone: applications to disease states in man.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the definition and features of a receptor, and its historical aspects. Most contemporary workers use the term “receptor” to describe the natural molecular components of the cell that serve to recognize a biologically active chemical messenger or hormone. Recognition is manifested by binding of the hormone to the receptor. Another feature of the receptor is that in a normal target cell, the complex of hormone with receptor is capable of activating or initiating a chain of events that lead to a hormonal action. The chapter discusses the binding of peptide hormone to receptors and alterations in disease. The biologically important receptors for peptide and catecholamine hormones are largely or entirely on the outside surface of the cell. The number of receptors for each peptide hormone on a cell is finite, and the binding of these hormones to their receptors is saturable and reversible. The chapter also discusses alterations in receptor activity in vivo and in vitro. Hormone receptors may undergo conformational changes that result in a change in affinity of the receptor for the hormone. The chapter also explores the role of the cells receptor in determining the sensitivity of the cell to the hormone and applications of these hormone-receptor interactions to the measurement of plasma hormone concentrations and tissue receptor concentrations in disease states in man.

Decreased binding of insulin to its receptors in rats with hormone induced insulin resistance

Abstract Insulin and glucagon receptor binding was studied in purified liver membranes from rats made insulin resistant by implantation of an MtT pituitary tumor which secretes growth hormone, prolactin, and ACTH. Insulin binding to its receptors was decreased and correlated with the degree of insulin resistance. In contrast, binding of glucagon to its receptors was unchanged.

Sulfonylureas: Effects in Vivo and in Vitro

Abstract To evaluate the effects of therapy on the vascular complications of adult diabetes, the University Group Diabetes Program (UGDP) carried out a prospective double-blind study in 12 centers ...

Consumption Coagulopathy in Miliary Tuberculosis

Abstract A 56-year-old woman required hospitalization and endotracheal intubation because of progressive respiratory distress associated with bilateral diffuse pulmonary infiltrates. Within 12 hr s...

Anterior Pituitary Function in Acromegaly.

Excerpt Comparatively little is known of anterior pituitary function in active and inactive acromegaly. Since 1964, 28 acromegalic patients, 15 active and 13 inactive, have been admitted to the Uni...