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Dive into the research topics where Irina Harder is active.

Publication


Featured researches published by Irina Harder.


Optics Letters | 2009

Phase-shift extraction for generalized phase-shifting interferometry

Peng Gao; Baoli Yao; Norbert Lindlein; Klaus Mantel; Irina Harder; Eduard Geist

A simple algorithm for blind extraction of phase shifts is proposed for generalized phase-shifting interferometry from only three interferograms. Based on the statistical property of the object wave, the algorithm calculates approximately the involved phase shifts as initial values. The extraction is further improved by an iterative method, considering the fact that the closer the phase shifts approach their real values, the more uniform the reconstructed reference wave will become. The feasibility of this algorithm is demonstrated by both simulation and experiment.


Biophysical Journal | 2015

Microconstriction Arrays for High-Throughput Quantitative Measurements of Cell Mechanical Properties

Janina R. Lange; Julian Steinwachs; Thorsten Kolb; Lena Lautscham; Irina Harder; Graeme Whyte; Ben Fabry

We describe a method for quantifying the mechanical properties of cells in suspension with a microfluidic device consisting of a parallel array of micron-sized constrictions. Using a high-speed charge-coupled device camera, we measure the flow speed, cell deformation, and entry time into the constrictions of several hundred cells per minute during their passage through the device. From the flow speed and the occupation state of the microconstriction array with cells, the driving pressure across each constriction is continuously computed. Cell entry times into microconstrictions decrease with increased driving pressure and decreased cell size according to a power law. From this power-law relationship, the cell elasticity and fluidity can be estimated. When cells are treated with drugs that depolymerize or stabilize the cytoskeleton or the nucleus, elasticity and fluidity data from all treatments collapse onto a master curve. Power-law rheology and collapse onto a master curve are predicted by the theory of soft glassy materials and have been previously shown to describe the mechanical behavior of cells adhering to a substrate. Our finding that this theory also applies to cells in suspension provides the foundation for a quantitative high-throughput measurement of cell mechanical properties with microfluidic devices.


Optics Express | 2011

Parallel two-step phase-shifting point-diffraction interferometry for microscopy based on a pair of cube beamsplitters

Peng Gao; Baoli Yao; Junwei Min; Rongli Guo; Juanjuan Zheng; Tong Ye; Irina Harder; Vanusch Nercissian; Klaus Mantel

Parallel two-step phase-shifting point-diffraction interferometry for microscopy based on a pair of cube beamsplitters is proposed. The first 45°-tilted cube beamsplitter splits object wave into two parallel copies: one copy is filtered by a pinhole in its Fourier plane to behave as reference wave, while the other one remains unchanged as object wave. The second cube beamsplitter combines the object and reference waves, and then split them together into two beams. Along with the two beams, two parallel phase-shifting interferograms are obtained in aid of polarization elements. Based on the proposed configuration, slightly-off-axis interferometry for microscopy is performed, which suppresses dc term by subtracting the two phase-shifting holograms from each other. The setup is highly stable due to its common-path configuration, and has been demonstrated to be suitable for measuring moving objects or dynamic processes.


Applied Optics | 2011

Concentric ring metal grating for generating radially polarized light

Z. Ghadyani; Ismo Vartiainen; Irina Harder; W. Iff; A. Berger; Norbert Lindlein; Markku Kuittinen

A subwavelength concentric ring metal grating for visible light (λ=632.8 nm) is designed and fabricated by electron-beam lithography to transform circularly polarized light into radially polarized light. Experimental results are compared to theoretical predictions and the advantages and disadvantages of the element with alternative methods are discussed.


Optics Letters | 2010

Phase-shifting point-diffraction interferometry with common-path and in-line configuration for microscopy.

Peng Gao; Irina Harder; Vanusch Nercissian; Klaus Mantel; Baoli Yao

A new common-path and in-line point-diffraction interferometer for quantitative phase microscopy is proposed. The interferometer is constructed by introducing a grating pair into the point-diffraction interferometer, thus forming a common-path and in-line configuration for object and reference waves. Achromatic phase shifting is implemented by linearly moving one of the two gratings in its grating vector direction. The feasibility of the proposed configuration is demonstrated by theoretical analysis and experiments.


Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision | 2011

Parallel two-step phase-shifting digital holograph microscopy based on a grating pair

Peng Gao; Baoli Yao; Irina Harder; Junwei Min; Rongli Guo; Juanjuan Zheng; Tong Ye

An optical configuration for parallel two-step phase-shifting digital holographic microscopy (DHM) based on a grating pair is proposed for the purpose of real-time phase microscopy. Orthogonally circularly polarized object and reference waves are diffracted twice by a pair of gratings, and two parallel copies for each beams come into being. Combined with polarization elements, parallel two-step phase-shifting holograms are obtained. Based on the proposed configuration, two schemes of DHM, i.e., slightly off-axis and on-axis DHM, have been implemented. The slightly off-axis DHM suppresses the dc term by subtracting the two phase-shifting holograms from each other, thus the requirement on the off-axis angle and sampling power of the CCD camera is reduced greatly. The on-axis DHM has the least requirement on the resolving power of the CCD camera, while it requires that the reference wave is premeasured and its intensity is no less than 2 times the maximal intensity of the object wave.


European Physical Journal D | 2012

Generation of a wave packet tailored to efficient free space excitation of a single atom

Andrea Golla; Benoit Chalopin; Marianne Bader; Irina Harder; Klaus Mantel; Robert Maiwald; Norbert Lindlein; Markus Sondermann; Gerd Leuchs

We demonstrate the generation of an optical dipole wave suitable for the process of efficiently coupling single quanta of light and matter in free space. We employ a parabolic mirror for the conversion of a transverse beam mode to a focused dipole wave and show the required spatial and temporal shaping of the mode incident onto the mirror. The results include a proof of principle correction of the parabolic mirror’s aberrations. For the application of exciting an atom with a single photon pulse, we demonstrate the creation of a suitable temporal pulse envelope. We infer coupling strengths of 89% and success probabilities of up to 87% for the application of exciting a single atom for the current experimental parameters.


Optics Express | 2015

Adjustable diffractive spiral phase plates

Walter Harm; Stefan Bernet; Monika Ritsch-Marte; Irina Harder; Norbert Lindlein

We report on the fabrication and the experimental demonstration of Moiré diffractive spiral phase plates with adjustable helical charge. The proposed optical unit consists of two axially stacked diffractive elements of conjugate structure. The joint transmission function of the compound system corresponds to that of a spiral phase plate where the angle of mutual rotation about the central axis enables continuous adjustment of the helical charge. The diffractive elements are fabricated by gray-scale photolithography with a pixel size of 200 nm and 128 phase step levels in fused silica. We experimentally demonstrate the conversion of a TEM(00) beam into approximated Laguerre-Gauss (LG) beams of variable helical charge, with a correspondingly variable radius of their ring-shaped intensity distribution.


Photon Management | 2004

Homogenization and beam shaping with microlens arrays

Irina Harder; Maik Lano; Norbert Lindlein; Johannes Schwider

Mostly, the typical light distribution of a light source, as a LED or an excimer laser, is not suitable for the application. The excimer laser beam for example shows a distinct elliptical Gaussian profile. As another example the layout of the light emitting chip and the reflector of a LED form an extremely inhomogeneous luminescent area. To achieve a better adapted beam profile a homogenizing setup with beam shaping qualities can be used. In this talk two setups for homogenization with the help of refractive micro lens arrays are shown and compared. The main attention is turned on the influence of the numerical aperture of the micro lenses, the limitations due to the spatial coherence degree and the difficulties of the alignment of the systems. In addition, a diffractive solution of homogenization for spatial partially coherence is presented.


Applied Optics | 2007

Design considerations for the absolute testing approach of aspherics using combined diffractive optical elements

Gufran Khan; Klaus Mantel; Irina Harder; Norbert Lindlein; Johannes Schwider

Aspheric optical surfaces are often tested using diffractive optics as null elements. For precise measurements, the errors caused by the diffractive optical element must be calibrated. Recently, we reported first experimental results of a three position quasi-absolute test for rotationally invariant aspherics by using combined-diffractive optical elements (combo-DOEs). Here we investigate the effects of the DOE substrate errors on the proposed calibration procedure and present a set of criteria for designing an optimized combo-DOE. It is demonstrated that this optimized design enhances the overall consistency of the procedure. Furthermore, the rotationally varying part of the surface deviations is compared with the rotationally varying deviations obtained by an N-position averaging procedure and is found to be in good agreement.

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Dive into the Irina Harder's collaboration.

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Norbert Lindlein

University of Erlangen-Nuremberg

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Johannes Schwider

University of Erlangen-Nuremberg

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Vanusch Nercissian

University of Erlangen-Nuremberg

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Andreas Berger

University of Erlangen-Nuremberg

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Baoli Yao

Chinese Academy of Sciences

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Peng Gao

Chinese Academy of Sciences

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Eduard Geist

University of Erlangen-Nuremberg

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