Irina V. Malyukova

Hypothalamic Control of Mitogen-Induced Proliferative Responses and Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Levels in Thymus and Peripheral Blood of Rat Fetuses

The role of endogenous luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) in the development of concanavalin A (ConA)-induced proliferative responses was studied in rat fetuses. Preliminary treatment of fetuses in utero with either the LHRH receptor antagonist or anti-LHRH antibodies resulted in the suppression of ConA-induced proliferative responses of thymocytes. LHRH and LHRH-immunopositive cells, morphologically similar to thymocytes, were detected in intact fetal thymus. A significant content of LHRH was also found in the peripheral blood of fetuses. The LHRH content in thymus and plasma was similar in males and females. Surgical ablation of the hypothalamus resulted in 2-fold decreases in thymus and plasma levels of LHRH in 21-day-old fetuses compared to sham-operated fetuses. It was concluded that LHRH regulates mitogen-induced proliferative responses of thymocytes during prenatal ontogenesis in the rat. The main source of plasma LHRH at that period is the hypothalamus. Moreover, LHRH is synthesized in the fetal thymus. Thus, LHRH is suggested to have not only a central effect but also to be involved in autocrine or paracrine regulation of proliferative immune responses.

Use of equations for the description of experimental dependence of the height equivalent to a theoretical plate on carrier gas velocity in capillary gas-liquid chromatography.

Optimal equation for fitting the experimental data on the height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP) versus carrier gas velocity in GLC was determined. The data obtained by authors and the literary data by other investigators were used for the comparative study of Van Deemter, Golay and the little known Golay-Guiochon equations. The Golay-Guiochon equation takes into account instrumental contribution and other sources of additional band broadening. Correlation coefficient R and Pirsons criterion chi2 were used as a criterion of the data correspondence to the equations. The Golay-Guiochon equation is the best for fitting of the experimental data in 71% considered examples, 19% experimental data may be fitted very precisely by the Van Deemter equation, the Golay equation is preferable for 7% experimental data only. Three percent experimental data may be fitted with the same precision by the Golay and the Van Deemter equations. The results obtained are of theoretical and practical interest. The Golay-Guiochon equation must be used more widely in analytical practice and physicochemical measurements.

Ammonia as carrier gas in capillary gas-liquid chromatography.

Influence of helium and ammonia as carrier gases on retention of neutral solutes on polyethylene glycol has been studied theoretically and experimentally. It was shown that the influence of ammonia on the retention varied significantly depending on the solutes nature. For example, the influence is great for C22 n-alkane and it is small for phenol. Taking into account the results obtained by various researchers it makes sense to express an opinion on the expediency of development of gas chromatography operated under the conditions of acidic-basic chromatography.

Equilibrium chromatographic characteristics of capillary column coated with polytrimethylpropyne for separating polar and non-polar organic compounds by gas capillary chromatography

The temperature dependence (50—180 °C) of the retention factor for 35 hydrocarbons and their oxygen-containing derivatives was studied using a capillary column coated with a new film-forming polymeric adsorbent polytrimethylsilylpropyne (PTMSP). The heats of adsorption for 24 organic polar and non-polar compounds on PTMSP were determined. They turned out to be lower than the heats of adsorption of the same compounds on Porapak Q widely used in gas chromatography. The new adsorbent PTMSP is characterized by high selectivity suitable for practical application.

Dependence of retention of organic compounds on carrier gas pressure in capillary adsorption chromatography

Abstract An equation for the dependence of the capacity factor of compounds on the carrier gas pressure in capillary adsorption chromatography was deduced for binary mixtures on the basis of an adsorption equation. The dependence of the capacity factors of hydrocarbon gases on the nature and pressure of the carrier gas was studied. The equation suggested conformed well with experimental data.

Ammonia as a carrier gas for acidic–basic chromatography

The influence of ammonia as a basic carrier gas on the retention of acidic and basic solutes was experimentally studied. Use of the basic carrier gas (ammonia) leads to an increase in retention of acidic solutes. A simplified theory on the influence of carrier gas basicity influence on the retention of acidic and basic solutes was developed. Contact of an inert gas with ammonia water at ambient temperature can be used to obtain basic humid carrier gas and to improve the chromatographic characteristics of amines zones.

Nitrous Oxide as Carrier Gas in Capillary Gas-Liquid Chromatography

On use of nitrous oxide as carrier gas the retention factors of the chromatographed compounds decrease linearly with increasing average column pressure. Other retention characteristics (relative retention, retention index) change linearly. This effect was demonstrated by using a capillary column coated with nonpolar polydimethylsiloxane phase SE-30. As shown for capillary GLC the linear correlation is valid for the same column:ki(G1,P1) = Aki(G2, P2) + B, where ki(G1, P1) and ki(G2,P2) are the retention factors of compound i at average column pressures P1 and P2 when using carrier gases G1 and G2, respectively; A and B are coefficients.

Effect of efficiency improvement by injecting a sample at a lower carrier gas velocity in isothermal gas–liquid chromatography

The effect of efficiency improvement of chromatographic system by injecting a sample at a lower carrier gas velocity (in comparison with the carrier gas velocity at subsequent separation) was studied experimentally and theoretically in isothermal gas-liquid chromatography. The suggested technique is based on sample introduction in the programmed carrier gas velocity operation mode: the injection is realized at low carrier gas velocity, then the velocity is increased rapidly up to the operation value. The technique can be applied in chromatographic practice.

Influence of the carrier gas on retention factors of gaseous hydrocarbons on polytrimethylsilylpropyne using capillary gas chromatography

The retention factor and height equivalent of a theoretical plate for gaseous hydrocarbons C1—C4 were studied on capillary columns with the layer of the new polymeric adsorbent polytrimethylsilylpropyne (PTMSP) as functions of the nature and pressure of the carrier gas. The retention factor k increases in the series helium < nitrogen < carbon dioxide. The k values depend linearly on the average pressure of the carrier gas in a capillary column with the adsorption PTMSP layer.

Dependence of the relative retention of compounds on the average pressure of helium as a carrier gas in capillary GLC

The dependence of retention factorki, relative retention time αi, and retention indexIi of organic compounds on the average pressure (pav) of the carrier gas (helium) was studied experimentally using a long narrow-bore capillary column with the SE-30 nonpolar phase at 120°C. The linear dependenceski=f(pav), αi=φ(pav), andIi=φ(pav) obtained previously were found to be in good agreement with experimental data. Invariant relative retention valuesk0,i, α0,i, andI0,i, which do not depend on the helium pressure, were determined for some organic compounds of various chemical classes. The dependence of the relative retention on the carrier gas pressure needs to be taken into account in precision measurements and in experiments with narrow-bore capillary columns.