Isabel Cristina Gomes

Casamento e família no século XXI: possibilidade de holding?

ABSTRACT. This article aimed to understand the relationships inside the families and marriage as an institution in the perspective of the turning of the century. We intended to focus the perceptions of transformations that has occurred in the post-modern society in economic, social and psychological terms, searching in the Winnicott’s reference theoretical subsidies to better reflect on this subject. We approach the role of therapists in the context and show that marriage as well as therapy, might have a therapeutic potential if it is connected to a notion of mutation, flexibility for the new and different, space of interpersonal development and creativity. Key words: marriage, holding, interpersonal development. 1 Esse trabalho foi apresentado no Encontro intitulado “A Psicanalise no Seculo XXI: Um momento de reflexao”, promovido pelo Departamento de Psicologia Clinica do IPUSP, em abril de 2002, em Sao Paulo. * Professora Doutora do Departamento de Psicologia Clinica do Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo (IPUSP). Endereco para correspondencia: Rua Antonio Borba 169, apto. 42, CEP 05451-070, Sao Paulo – SP. E’mail: isagomes@nw.com.br

Casamento contemporâneo: revisão de literatura acerca da opção por não ter filhos

Marriage and family have undergone several transformations throughout history. Nowadays many family structures coexist: nuclear, monoparental, homoparental, recomposed, amongst others. In this context, in many countries, and most recently in Brazil, there is an increasing number of couples who are voluntarily childless. The aim of this article is to perform a bibliographical research on this theme, including Brazilian and international publications. The search was conducted of a variety of databases (Web of Science, PsycINFO, Medline, SciELO, Lilacs, Psicodoc, BVS-Psi, Dedalus) and included complete articles published in indexed periodicals and dissertation abstracts, from the last ten years. The collected results take into account various aspects of this phenomenon - the contemporary choice to remain childless: Declared motivations, the association between this type of choice and professional status, the relationship with factors in the life history and family origins, marital adjustment and satisfaction with life, prejudice and negative stereotypes.

Transmissão psíquica transgeracional e construção de subjetividade: relato de uma psicoterapia psicanalítica vincular

O presente artigo tem como objetivo refletir acerca do conceito de transmissao psiquica entre geracoes, especificamente de uma modalidade - a transmissao psiquica transgeracional - e sua influencia na construcao das subjetividades individuais e dos vinculos familiares, enfatizando-se aqui o vinculo mae-filha como gerador de sintomas na crianca e conflitos no âmbito familiar, atraves de um relato clinico de uma psicoterapia psicanalitica vincular, segundo os referenciais de Eiguer (2006) e Berenstein e Puget (1997, 2005). A apresentacao do caso clinico permite discutir, ainda, a relacao entre a transmissao psiquica transgeracional e o estabelecimento da “maternagem”, bem como os resultados obtidos ao longo de todo o processo psicoterapico. A finalidade desse espaco terapeutico familiar e a de propiciar transformacoes frente ao legado geracional, promovendo o surgimento de uma subjetividade nova, impulsionadora de vida.This article has as an objective to reflect concerning the concept of psychic transmission among generations, specifically of one modality - the transgenerational psychic transmission - and its influence on the creation of the individual subjectivities and of the family links, being emphasized mainly the link of mother-daughter as generator of symptoms in the child and familiar conflicts, through a clinical report of a psychoanalytic linkage psychotherapy, according to the references of Eiguer (2006) and Berenstein and Puget (1997, 2005). The presentation of the clinical case allows discussing the relationship between the transgenerational psychic transmission and the establishment of the “primary maternal preoccupation” as well as the results obtained along the whole psychotherapeutic process. The purpose of this family therapeutic space is to offer transformations join to the generational legacy promoting the appearance of a new subjectivity generating of life.

Estigmatização e conjugalidade em casais sem filhos por opção

Presently, marriage does not necessarily involve a project of bearing children. This phenomenon is due to changes occurred in the transition from the traditional model of family to the new configurations: either the pursuit of child bearing alternatives when there are no biological possibilities of conceiving, or the opposite, voluntary childlessness. The aim of this article is to study the social pressure and stereotypes associated to a couples choice of having no children, and marital relationship. The research methodology used was clinical-qualitative, in which interviews were conducted with four heterosexual childfree couples, in the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo. According to the results, all couples reported the existence of social pressure and stigmatization towards them, due to their reproductive choices. Each one of those couples was impacted and reacted to this phenomenon in different ways, depending on the marital bond.El matrimonio contemporaneo no implica necesariamente un proyecto de linaje y descendencia. Este fenomeno solo es posible en funcion de los cambios que fueron ocurriendo en la transicion del modelo tradicional de la familia para las nuevas configuraciones, en las cuales observamos distintas facetas del deseo por la procreacion: sea por la busqueda de un hijo cuando no existen posibilidades biologicas de concepcion, sea por su inverso, la busqueda voluntaria por no tenerlo. El objetivo de este articulo es el de proyectar acerca de estigma y conyugalidad asociados a la opcion de las parejas por no tener hijos. El metodo empleado en la investigacion fue el clinico-cualitativo, siendo realizadas entrevistas con cuatro parejas heterosexuales, sin hijos por opcion, en la region metropolitana de Sao Paulo. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, todas las parejas relataron, de manera espontanea, que sufren o han sido sometidos a la presion social, y se sienten estigmatizados en funcion de sus voluntades. Cada una de las parejas es impactada de una manera singular, reaccionando a este fenomeno de diferentes formas, dependiendo del vinculo matrimonial establecido.

RELAÇÃO CONJUGAL, VIOLÊNCIA PSICOLÓGICA E COMPLEMENTARIDADE FUSIONAL

RESUMO Neste artigo abordamos um tipo especifico de dinâmica conjugal marcada pela violencia psicologica. Na clinica com casais, temos observado situacoes nas quais sao utilizadas agressoes verbais e humilhacoes, que afetam a auto-estima e a capacidade de reacao e decisao da pessoa agredida. Forma-se um laco perverso caracterizado por um movimento reciproco no sentido do dominio do parceiro, com condicoes e exigencias que submetem a ambos, levando a um tipo de relacao na qual impera a complementaridade fusional. O discurso caracteristico da contemporaneidade, de obtencao de prazer e busca da perfeicao nos relacionamentos amorosos e da presenca do modelo igualitario nas relacoes homem/ mulher, poe em destaque esse tipo de dinâmica relacional. Observa-se, em alguns casos, uma fixacao do modelo “homem-ativo-falico/mulher-passiva-castrada” que permanece subjacente a mudanca dos tempos. Palavras-chave: relacao conjugal; violencia psicologica; complementaridade fusional.

Contribuições da clínica da parentalidade no atendimento de um caso de obesidade infantil

Estudios con respeto a la obesidad indican que, ademas de cuestiones geneticas, su surgimiento puede estar asociado a las primeras relaciones interpersonales. El presente articulo tiene por objetivo discutir las contribuciones que la clinica de la parentalidad puede traer para el tratamiento de la obesidad infantil, a partir de recortes de un caso clinico. Para tanto, sera presentado el concepto de parentalidad, su derivacion clinica y cuestiones de la contemporaneidad que interfieren en el proceso de tornarse padre y madre. La interpretacion del material clinico revelo que el comportamiento de comer compulsivo del nino estaba relacionado a la fragilidad parental, de acuerdo con los datos de la literatura. Asi, trabajar en el contexto de la clinica de la parentalidad puede favorecer la mejora del sintoma en la medida en que liberta el nino de un legado inenarrable y fortalece tanto el lugar subjetivo del nino como las funciones parentales. Ademas, en los casos en que es necesario, pueden contribuir para la construccion de una demanda para terapia familiar.

Um estudo de follow up em psicoterapia psicanalítica de casais

For eleven years we have been conducting a research that consists in a proposal of intervention with families that look for therapy for a child. Through the psychoanalytical psychotherapy of couples, we try to release the childs symptoms. The aim of this article is to reflect about the maintenance over time of the psychic changes obtained in this clinical practice, which evolves conjugal and familiar levels. Making use of the case study methodology and the psychoanalytic theory, two clinical cases were analyzed, with emphasis in follow up sessions: two couples that had been in therapy for 3 years and 2,5 years, and each couple has participated in two follow up interviews after the end of the therapy. This intervention showed up to be effective on the elucidation of latent conjugal conflicts and also as a promoter of a healthy and supportive environment in the emotional development of the child.Por 11 anos desenvolvemos uma pesquisa envolvendo uma proposta interventiva com familias que buscam atendimento em um servico-escola, com demanda localizada na crianca. Por meio da psicoterapia psicanalitica com o casal procuramos atingir a remissao dos sintomas do(s) filho(s). O objetivo deste estudo e refletir sobre a manutencao das mudancas psiquicas ocorridas nesse tipo de clinica, que abrange a esfera conjugal e familiar, ao longo do tempo. Com base na metodologia de estudo de caso e no referencial psicanalitico, foram analisados dois casos clinicos enfatizando-se as sessoes de follow up: dois casais que estiveram em processo terapeutico, respectivamente, por tres anos e por dois anos e meio, sendo realizadas duas sessoes de acompanhamento apos o termino da terapia. Esse tipo de intervencao mostrou-se efetiva para a elucidacao de conflitos conjugais latentes e como promovedora de um ambiente saudavel e favorecedor do desenvolvimento emocional da crianca.

Gravidez na adolescência: o uso do genograma como facilitador na elaboração de conteúdos transgeracionais

Starting from the theoretical framework of linking psychoanalysis, especially from the concepts of Kaës about the notion of psychic transmission, gestation in adolescence is discussed as a multifactorial phenomenon that is influenced by the family legacy. This is an experience report about a group of young pregnant women in situations of social vulnerability in which the genogram was applied. The results obtained demonstrated the advantages of using this resource for the awareness and elaboration of family histories and/or conflicts. It was possible to understand, through this activity, that the use of freer resources within clinical intervention devices, even in differentiated settings of the psychotherapeutic processes, promotes the emergence of unconscious contents transmitted generationally. It is understood, therefore, that the host groups and the use of the genogram can favor the construction of new forms of attachment, family and social, and it is also characterized as a preventive strategy.

The L Word – Discussões em torno da parentalidade lésbica

Este articulo busca emprender una reflexion critica sobre los modelos de familia involucrados en la construccion de la parentalidad lesbica, asumiendo como referenciales teoricos: el psicoanalisis y los estudios psicosociales en la perspectiva de genero. Asumiendo redefiniciones del concepto de familia que ya no se limitan al modelo tradicional heterosexual, parejas homoafectivas estan buscando sus derechos conyugales y homoparentales, situandose en un nuevo paradigma interrelacional que defiende la filiacion afectiva en sustitucion de la vinculacion consanguinea. Por medio del analisis de contenido de algunos episodios de una serie de television estadunidense que trata sobre una pareja lesbica, se realizo un estudio cualitativo de tematica mencionada en dos categorias procesos de facilitacion parental e influencia del modelo de familia heteronormativa en la construccion de la parentalidad lesbica. Se concluyo que en el material empleado el proceso de filiacion de los personajes estaba ligado, en principio y predominantemente, a los procesos biologicos de reproduccion, aunque ha surgido un nuevo modelo de familia caracterizado por la co-maternidad. Las nuevas configuraciones familiares a menudo encierran una paradoja: lo nuevo esta siendo vivido por la repeticion de la tradicion, lo que nos lleva a las influencias de herencias generacionales.Abstract: This paper carries out a critical discussion about family models related to lesbian parenthood construction, using psychoanalysis and psychosocial studies in gender perspective as theoretical approaches. Taking under consideration recent redefinitions on the concept of family, not limited anymore to the traditional heterosexual standard, homosexual couples are claiming for their rights as spouses and parents, turning the paradigm’s focus on affective interrelations instead of on blood bounds. The content analysis approach used in some episodes of an American television series concerning lesbian parenthood made it possible to develop a qualitative study focusing on two categories: parenthood feasibility processes and heteronormative influences on lesbian parenthood construction. The conclusion shows that bounds between characters were at first and predominantly based on biological reproductive processes, although a new family model characterized by the co-motherhood has emerged. New familiar sets have presented a paradox: new family models repeat traditional models, and that takes us to generational inheritance influences.

The L Word – Discusiones en torno a la parentalidad lésbica

Este articulo busca emprender una reflexion critica sobre los modelos de familia involucrados en la construccion de la parentalidad lesbica, asumiendo como referenciales teoricos: el psicoanalisis y los estudios psicosociales en la perspectiva de genero. Asumiendo redefiniciones del concepto de familia que ya no se limitan al modelo tradicional heterosexual, parejas homoafectivas estan buscando sus derechos conyugales y homoparentales, situandose en un nuevo paradigma interrelacional que defiende la filiacion afectiva en sustitucion de la vinculacion consanguinea. Por medio del analisis de contenido de algunos episodios de una serie de television estadunidense que trata sobre una pareja lesbica, se realizo un estudio cualitativo de tematica mencionada en dos categorias procesos de facilitacion parental e influencia del modelo de familia heteronormativa en la construccion de la parentalidad lesbica. Se concluyo que en el material empleado el proceso de filiacion de los personajes estaba ligado, en principio y predominantemente, a los procesos biologicos de reproduccion, aunque ha surgido un nuevo modelo de familia caracterizado por la co-maternidad. Las nuevas configuraciones familiares a menudo encierran una paradoja: lo nuevo esta siendo vivido por la repeticion de la tradicion, lo que nos lleva a las influencias de herencias generacionales.Abstract: This paper carries out a critical discussion about family models related to lesbian parenthood construction, using psychoanalysis and psychosocial studies in gender perspective as theoretical approaches. Taking under consideration recent redefinitions on the concept of family, not limited anymore to the traditional heterosexual standard, homosexual couples are claiming for their rights as spouses and parents, turning the paradigm’s focus on affective interrelations instead of on blood bounds. The content analysis approach used in some episodes of an American television series concerning lesbian parenthood made it possible to develop a qualitative study focusing on two categories: parenthood feasibility processes and heteronormative influences on lesbian parenthood construction. The conclusion shows that bounds between characters were at first and predominantly based on biological reproductive processes, although a new family model characterized by the co-motherhood has emerged. New familiar sets have presented a paradox: new family models repeat traditional models, and that takes us to generational inheritance influences.