Isabela Thomaz Takakura

Acute kidney injury after on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

FUNDAMENTO: Lesion renal aguda (LRA) es una compleja enfermedad, la que, actualmente, no tiene definicion patron acepta. AKIN (Acute Kidney Injury Network) representa una tentativa de estandardizacion de criterios para el diagnostico y estadiamiento de LRA basado en los criterios RIFLE (risk, injury, failure, loss, y end-stage kidney disease) publicados recientemente. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la incidencia y mortalidad asociada a LRA en pacientes sometidos a revascularizacion del miocardio (RM) con circulacion extracorporea (CEC). METODOS: El total de 817 pacientes fueron divididos en dos grupos: LRA negativa (-), con 421 pacientes (51,5%), y LRA positiva (+), con 396 pacientes (48,5%). LRA fue considerada la elevacion de creatinina en 0,3 mg/dl el aumento en 50% de creatinina en relacion a su valor basal. RESULTADOS: La mortalidad dentro de 30 dias de los pacientes con y sin LRA ha sido de 12,3 y 1,4%, respectivamente (p 14 dias), 14 versus 2%; p<0,0001. CONCLUSION: En la poblacion estudiada, mismo una discreta alteracion de la funcion renal basada en los criterios AKIN ha sido predictora independiente de obito, en 30 dias tras RM con CEC. (Registro ClinicalTrials.gov - NCT00780845).BACKGROUND The acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex disease for which there is no accepted standard definition nowadays. The Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) represents an attempt to standardize the criteria for diagnosis and staging of acute renal dysfunction based on recently published RIFLE criteria, that means, (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-stage kidney disease). OBJECTIVES To evaluate the incidence and associated mortality of AKI in patients submitted to on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery (on-pump CABG). METHODS A total of 817 patients were divided into two groups: negative AKI (-), with 421 patients (51.5%), and positive AKI (+), with 396 patients (48.5%). Increase of 0.3 mg/dL in creatinine or of 50% in creatinines basal value was considered as AKI. RESULTS The rate of patients mortality with or without AKI within 30 days after cardiac surgery was 12.6% and 1.4%, respectively (p<0.0001). In a multivariate logistic regression model, AKI after on-pump CABG was an independent predictor of death within 30 days (OR=6.7; p=0.0002). This group of patients presented a longer period of permanency in intensive care unit (ICU) [median 2 days (2 to 3) versus 3 days (2 to 5); p=0.0001] and a bigger proportion of patients with prolonged permanence in intensive care (>14 days) (14 versus 2%; p=0.0001). CONCLUSION In the studied population, even a discrete alteration in renal function, based on AKIN criteria, was an independent predictor of death in 30 days after on-pump CABG.

Variabilidade da frequência cardíaca e infecções pulmonares pós revascularização miocárdica

BACKGROUND heart rate variability (HRV) is a noninvasive diagnostic method used in the assessment of the autonomic modulation of the heart. The assessment of HRV using nonlinear dynamics methods in the preoperative period of surgical myocardial revascularization could be predictive of morbidity such as pulmonary infections in the postoperative period. OBJECTIVE to evaluate the behavior of HRV using nonlinear dynamics in the preoperative period of surgical myocardial revascularization and its relation to the occurrence of pulmonary infections in the in-hospital postoperative period. METHODS a total of 69 patients with coronary artery disease (mean age of 58.6 ± 10.4 years) and indication for elective surgical myocardial revascularization were studied. In order to quantify the nonlinear dynamics of HRV, the following procedures were performed: detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA); analysis of the short (α1) and long-term (α2) components of DFA; approximate entropy (ApEn); Lyapunov exponent (LE); and Hurst exponent (HE) of time series of RR intervals of the ECG, as captured by the Polar S810i instrument on the day before surgery. RESULTS at the cut-off levels set by the ROC curve, there was a significant difference between the groups with and without pulmonary infections in the postoperative period of myocardial revascularization for total DFA, approximate entropy and Lyapunov exponent with p = 0. 0309, p = 0.0307 and p = 0.0006, respectively. CONCLUSION the nonlinear dynamics methods, at their respective cut-off levels, allowed for the identification of patients developing pulmonary infection in the postoperative period of surgical myocardial revascularization, thus suggesting that these methods may have a prognostic value for this group of patients.BACKGROUND: Heart rate variability (HRV) is a noninvasive diagnostic method used in the assessment of the autonomic modulation of the heart. The assessment of HRV using nonlinear dynamics methods in the preoperative period of surgical myocardial revascularization could be predictive of morbidity such as pulmonary infections in the postoperative period. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the behavior of HRV using nonlinear dynamics in the preoperative period of surgical myocardial revascularization and its relation to the occurrence of pulmonary infections in the in-hospital postoperative period. METHODS: A total of 69 patients with coronary artery disease (mean age of 58.6 ± 10.4 years) and indication for elective surgical myocardial revascularization were studied. In order to quantify the nonlinear dynamics of HRV, the following procedures were performed: detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA); analysis of the short (α1) and long-term (α2) components of DFA; approximate entropy (ApEn); Lyapunov exponent (LE); and Hurst exponent (HE) of time series of RR intervals of the ECG, as captured by the Polar S810i instrument on the day before surgery. RESULTS: At the cut-off levels set by the ROC curve, there was a significant difference between the groups with and without pulmonary infections in the postoperative period of myocardial revascularization for total DFA, approximate entropy and Lyapunov exponent with p = 0. 0309, p = 0.0307 and p = 0.0006, respectively. CONCLUSION: The nonlinear dynamics methods, at their respective cut-off levels, allowed for the identification of patients developing pulmonary infection in the postoperative period of surgical myocardial revascularization, thus suggesting that these methods may have a prognostic value for this group of patients.

Heart rate variability and pulmonary infections after myocardial revascularization

BACKGROUND heart rate variability (HRV) is a noninvasive diagnostic method used in the assessment of the autonomic modulation of the heart. The assessment of HRV using nonlinear dynamics methods in the preoperative period of surgical myocardial revascularization could be predictive of morbidity such as pulmonary infections in the postoperative period. OBJECTIVE to evaluate the behavior of HRV using nonlinear dynamics in the preoperative period of surgical myocardial revascularization and its relation to the occurrence of pulmonary infections in the in-hospital postoperative period. METHODS a total of 69 patients with coronary artery disease (mean age of 58.6 ± 10.4 years) and indication for elective surgical myocardial revascularization were studied. In order to quantify the nonlinear dynamics of HRV, the following procedures were performed: detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA); analysis of the short (α1) and long-term (α2) components of DFA; approximate entropy (ApEn); Lyapunov exponent (LE); and Hurst exponent (HE) of time series of RR intervals of the ECG, as captured by the Polar S810i instrument on the day before surgery. RESULTS at the cut-off levels set by the ROC curve, there was a significant difference between the groups with and without pulmonary infections in the postoperative period of myocardial revascularization for total DFA, approximate entropy and Lyapunov exponent with p = 0. 0309, p = 0.0307 and p = 0.0006, respectively. CONCLUSION the nonlinear dynamics methods, at their respective cut-off levels, allowed for the identification of patients developing pulmonary infection in the postoperative period of surgical myocardial revascularization, thus suggesting that these methods may have a prognostic value for this group of patients.BACKGROUND: Heart rate variability (HRV) is a noninvasive diagnostic method used in the assessment of the autonomic modulation of the heart. The assessment of HRV using nonlinear dynamics methods in the preoperative period of surgical myocardial revascularization could be predictive of morbidity such as pulmonary infections in the postoperative period. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the behavior of HRV using nonlinear dynamics in the preoperative period of surgical myocardial revascularization and its relation to the occurrence of pulmonary infections in the in-hospital postoperative period. METHODS: A total of 69 patients with coronary artery disease (mean age of 58.6 ± 10.4 years) and indication for elective surgical myocardial revascularization were studied. In order to quantify the nonlinear dynamics of HRV, the following procedures were performed: detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA); analysis of the short (α1) and long-term (α2) components of DFA; approximate entropy (ApEn); Lyapunov exponent (LE); and Hurst exponent (HE) of time series of RR intervals of the ECG, as captured by the Polar S810i instrument on the day before surgery. RESULTS: At the cut-off levels set by the ROC curve, there was a significant difference between the groups with and without pulmonary infections in the postoperative period of myocardial revascularization for total DFA, approximate entropy and Lyapunov exponent with p = 0. 0309, p = 0.0307 and p = 0.0006, respectively. CONCLUSION: The nonlinear dynamics methods, at their respective cut-off levels, allowed for the identification of patients developing pulmonary infection in the postoperative period of surgical myocardial revascularization, thus suggesting that these methods may have a prognostic value for this group of patients.

Serum ferritin and obstructive coronary artery disease: angiographic correlation

OBJECTIVE To verify the possible association between the levels of serum ferritin and the degree of obstructive coronary artery disease. METHODS 115 patients with coronary arteriography and concomitant evaluation of serum ferritin were studied. The adopted cut-off values were 80 ng/ml for women and 120 ng/ml for men. RESULTS The mean ferritin levels for males and females were 133.9 +/- 133.8 ng/ml and 214.6 +/- 217.2 ng/ml, respectively (p=0.047). It was observed that 44.1% of the women had normal serum ferritin levels in comparison to 30.9% of the men (p=0.254). In the patients without obstructive coronary artery disease or with less severe obstructions (group A) the serum ferritin level was 222.3 +/- 325 ng/ml. On the other hand, for those with moderate (group B) and severe obstructions (group C) the levels were 145.6+-83.7 ng/ml and 188.9 +/- 150.6 ng/ml, respectively. There was no correlation between the degree of coronary artery disease and the mean level of serum ferritin. Regarding the cut-off value, the number of women with serum ferritin level > 80 ng/ml in groups B+C or only C was significantly higher than the number of women in group A (ODDS RATIO 9.71 with 95%CI from 1.63 to 57.72). For males there was no significant difference between the number of cases above or below the cut-off values (ODDS RATIO 0.92 with 95%CI from 0.28 to 2.95). CONCLUSION It was verified that women with serum ferritin levels > 80 ng/mL presented more severe obstructive coronary artery disease than women with lower levels. In men, the serum ferritin level was not a predictor element of the degree of obstruction.

Mixoma Atrial Esquerdo com Acidente Vascular Cerebral Isquêmico em Criança

The authors present a case of left atrial myxoma with stroke in an 8-year-old female child. The tumor was removed and two months after the surgery a left atrial septum mass was observed suggesting recurrence. The child was asymptomatic. Literature review emphasizes the rarity and clinically aggressive behavior of this tumor at this age group and demonstrates rare recurrence rates after surgery.

Lesão renal aguda após revascularização do miocárdio com circulação extracorpórea

FUNDAMENTO: Lesion renal aguda (LRA) es una compleja enfermedad, la que, actualmente, no tiene definicion patron acepta. AKIN (Acute Kidney Injury Network) representa una tentativa de estandardizacion de criterios para el diagnostico y estadiamiento de LRA basado en los criterios RIFLE (risk, injury, failure, loss, y end-stage kidney disease) publicados recientemente. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la incidencia y mortalidad asociada a LRA en pacientes sometidos a revascularizacion del miocardio (RM) con circulacion extracorporea (CEC). METODOS: El total de 817 pacientes fueron divididos en dos grupos: LRA negativa (-), con 421 pacientes (51,5%), y LRA positiva (+), con 396 pacientes (48,5%). LRA fue considerada la elevacion de creatinina en 0,3 mg/dl el aumento en 50% de creatinina en relacion a su valor basal. RESULTADOS: La mortalidad dentro de 30 dias de los pacientes con y sin LRA ha sido de 12,3 y 1,4%, respectivamente (p 14 dias), 14 versus 2%; p<0,0001. CONCLUSION: En la poblacion estudiada, mismo una discreta alteracion de la funcion renal basada en los criterios AKIN ha sido predictora independiente de obito, en 30 dias tras RM con CEC. (Registro ClinicalTrials.gov - NCT00780845).BACKGROUND The acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex disease for which there is no accepted standard definition nowadays. The Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) represents an attempt to standardize the criteria for diagnosis and staging of acute renal dysfunction based on recently published RIFLE criteria, that means, (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-stage kidney disease). OBJECTIVES To evaluate the incidence and associated mortality of AKI in patients submitted to on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery (on-pump CABG). METHODS A total of 817 patients were divided into two groups: negative AKI (-), with 421 patients (51.5%), and positive AKI (+), with 396 patients (48.5%). Increase of 0.3 mg/dL in creatinine or of 50% in creatinines basal value was considered as AKI. RESULTS The rate of patients mortality with or without AKI within 30 days after cardiac surgery was 12.6% and 1.4%, respectively (p<0.0001). In a multivariate logistic regression model, AKI after on-pump CABG was an independent predictor of death within 30 days (OR=6.7; p=0.0002). This group of patients presented a longer period of permanency in intensive care unit (ICU) [median 2 days (2 to 3) versus 3 days (2 to 5); p=0.0001] and a bigger proportion of patients with prolonged permanence in intensive care (>14 days) (14 versus 2%; p=0.0001). CONCLUSION In the studied population, even a discrete alteration in renal function, based on AKIN criteria, was an independent predictor of death in 30 days after on-pump CABG.

Spontaneous Bacterial Pericarditis and Coronary Sinus Endocarditis Caused by Oxacillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus

This paper describes a case of a 44-year-old male patient previously healthy admitted with an unusual spontaneous acute bacterial pericarditis associated with coronary sinus mass. Two-dimensional echocardiography showed large loculated pericardial effusion with signs of diastolic restriction and an image suggesting vegetation in topography of the right atrium coronary sinus. Pericardial drainage, coronary sinus vegetation resection, and antibiotic therapy with Oxacillin were performed due to Oxacillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus identified on the pericardial effusion and blood culture. This is a rare condition and a unique combination of a spontaneous acute bacterial pericarditis with coronary sinus endocarditis without cardiac valve compromise.

Recurrence Plots: a New Tool for Quantification of Cardiac AutonomicNervous System Recovery after Transplant

Objective To evaluate a possible evolutionary post-heart transplant return of autonomic function using quantitative and qualitative information from recurrence plots. Methods Using electrocardiography, 102 RR tachograms of 45 patients (64.4% male) who underwent heart transplantation and that were available in the database were analyzed at different follow-up periods. The RR tachograms were collected from patients in the supine position for about 20 minutes. A time series with 1000 RR intervals was analyzed, a recurrence plot was created, and the following quantitative variables were evaluated: percentage of determinism, percentage of recurrence, average diagonal length, Shannon entropy, and sample entropy, as well as the visual qualitative aspect. Results Quantitative and qualitative signs of heart rate variability recovery were observed after transplantation. Conclusion There is evidence that autonomic innervation of the heart begins to happen gradually after transplantation. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of recurrence can be useful tools for monitoring cardiac transplant patients and detecting the gradual return of heart rate variability.

Variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca e infecciones pulmonares post revascularización miocárdica

BACKGROUND heart rate variability (HRV) is a noninvasive diagnostic method used in the assessment of the autonomic modulation of the heart. The assessment of HRV using nonlinear dynamics methods in the preoperative period of surgical myocardial revascularization could be predictive of morbidity such as pulmonary infections in the postoperative period. OBJECTIVE to evaluate the behavior of HRV using nonlinear dynamics in the preoperative period of surgical myocardial revascularization and its relation to the occurrence of pulmonary infections in the in-hospital postoperative period. METHODS a total of 69 patients with coronary artery disease (mean age of 58.6 ± 10.4 years) and indication for elective surgical myocardial revascularization were studied. In order to quantify the nonlinear dynamics of HRV, the following procedures were performed: detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA); analysis of the short (α1) and long-term (α2) components of DFA; approximate entropy (ApEn); Lyapunov exponent (LE); and Hurst exponent (HE) of time series of RR intervals of the ECG, as captured by the Polar S810i instrument on the day before surgery. RESULTS at the cut-off levels set by the ROC curve, there was a significant difference between the groups with and without pulmonary infections in the postoperative period of myocardial revascularization for total DFA, approximate entropy and Lyapunov exponent with p = 0. 0309, p = 0.0307 and p = 0.0006, respectively. CONCLUSION the nonlinear dynamics methods, at their respective cut-off levels, allowed for the identification of patients developing pulmonary infection in the postoperative period of surgical myocardial revascularization, thus suggesting that these methods may have a prognostic value for this group of patients.BACKGROUND: Heart rate variability (HRV) is a noninvasive diagnostic method used in the assessment of the autonomic modulation of the heart. The assessment of HRV using nonlinear dynamics methods in the preoperative period of surgical myocardial revascularization could be predictive of morbidity such as pulmonary infections in the postoperative period. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the behavior of HRV using nonlinear dynamics in the preoperative period of surgical myocardial revascularization and its relation to the occurrence of pulmonary infections in the in-hospital postoperative period. METHODS: A total of 69 patients with coronary artery disease (mean age of 58.6 ± 10.4 years) and indication for elective surgical myocardial revascularization were studied. In order to quantify the nonlinear dynamics of HRV, the following procedures were performed: detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA); analysis of the short (α1) and long-term (α2) components of DFA; approximate entropy (ApEn); Lyapunov exponent (LE); and Hurst exponent (HE) of time series of RR intervals of the ECG, as captured by the Polar S810i instrument on the day before surgery. RESULTS: At the cut-off levels set by the ROC curve, there was a significant difference between the groups with and without pulmonary infections in the postoperative period of myocardial revascularization for total DFA, approximate entropy and Lyapunov exponent with p = 0. 0309, p = 0.0307 and p = 0.0006, respectively. CONCLUSION: The nonlinear dynamics methods, at their respective cut-off levels, allowed for the identification of patients developing pulmonary infection in the postoperative period of surgical myocardial revascularization, thus suggesting that these methods may have a prognostic value for this group of patients.

Lesión renal aguda post-revascularización del miocardio con circulación extracorpórea

FUNDAMENTO: Lesion renal aguda (LRA) es una compleja enfermedad, la que, actualmente, no tiene definicion patron acepta. AKIN (Acute Kidney Injury Network) representa una tentativa de estandardizacion de criterios para el diagnostico y estadiamiento de LRA basado en los criterios RIFLE (risk, injury, failure, loss, y end-stage kidney disease) publicados recientemente. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la incidencia y mortalidad asociada a LRA en pacientes sometidos a revascularizacion del miocardio (RM) con circulacion extracorporea (CEC). METODOS: El total de 817 pacientes fueron divididos en dos grupos: LRA negativa (-), con 421 pacientes (51,5%), y LRA positiva (+), con 396 pacientes (48,5%). LRA fue considerada la elevacion de creatinina en 0,3 mg/dl el aumento en 50% de creatinina en relacion a su valor basal. RESULTADOS: La mortalidad dentro de 30 dias de los pacientes con y sin LRA ha sido de 12,3 y 1,4%, respectivamente (p 14 dias), 14 versus 2%; p<0,0001. CONCLUSION: En la poblacion estudiada, mismo una discreta alteracion de la funcion renal basada en los criterios AKIN ha sido predictora independiente de obito, en 30 dias tras RM con CEC. (Registro ClinicalTrials.gov - NCT00780845).BACKGROUND The acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex disease for which there is no accepted standard definition nowadays. The Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) represents an attempt to standardize the criteria for diagnosis and staging of acute renal dysfunction based on recently published RIFLE criteria, that means, (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-stage kidney disease). OBJECTIVES To evaluate the incidence and associated mortality of AKI in patients submitted to on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery (on-pump CABG). METHODS A total of 817 patients were divided into two groups: negative AKI (-), with 421 patients (51.5%), and positive AKI (+), with 396 patients (48.5%). Increase of 0.3 mg/dL in creatinine or of 50% in creatinines basal value was considered as AKI. RESULTS The rate of patients mortality with or without AKI within 30 days after cardiac surgery was 12.6% and 1.4%, respectively (p<0.0001). In a multivariate logistic regression model, AKI after on-pump CABG was an independent predictor of death within 30 days (OR=6.7; p=0.0002). This group of patients presented a longer period of permanency in intensive care unit (ICU) [median 2 days (2 to 3) versus 3 days (2 to 5); p=0.0001] and a bigger proportion of patients with prolonged permanence in intensive care (>14 days) (14 versus 2%; p=0.0001). CONCLUSION In the studied population, even a discrete alteration in renal function, based on AKIN criteria, was an independent predictor of death in 30 days after on-pump CABG.