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Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology | 2006

Pathophysiology of urticaria.

Ana Hennino; F. Bérard; Isabelle Guillot; Nathalie Saad; Auore Rozières; Jean-François Nicolas

Urticaria is dermal edema resulting from vascular dilatation and leakage of fluid into the skin in response to molecules released from mast cells. The major preformed mediator histamine produces a prototypic, short-lived urticaria. However, the clinical spectrum and pattern of lesions indicate that other molecules, including prostaglandins, leukotrienes, cytokines, and chemokines, produced at different times after mast cell activation contribute to the polymorphism of this symptom and the variable evolution of this disease. It is a common practice to distinguish immunological and nonimmunological urticaria. Immunological urticaria is a hypersensitivity reaction mediated by antibodies and/or T-cells that results in mast cell activation. Although immunoglobulin (Ig)E-mediated type I hypersensitivity (HS) was long postulated to be the major immunological pathway associated with mast cell activation, interaction between IgE-bound mast cells and allergens is unlikely to be the mechanism by which urticaria develops in most patients. It is now well established that urticaria may result from the binding of IgG auto-antibodies to IgE and/or to the receptor for IgE molecules on mast cells, thus corresponding to a type II HS reaction. These auto-immune urticarias represent up to 50% of patients with chronic urticaria. Mast cell activation can also result from type III HS through the binding of circulating immune complexes to mast cell-expressing Fc receptors for IgG and IgM. Finally, under certain circumstances, T-cells can induce activation of mast cells, as well as histamine release (type IV HS). Nonimmunological urticarias result from mast cell activation through membrane receptors involved in innate immunity (e.g., complement, Toll-like, cytokine/chemokine, opioid) or by direct toxicity of xenobiotics (haptens, drugs). In conclusion, urticaria may result from different pathophysiological mechanisms that explain the great heterogeneity of clinical symptoms and the variable responses to treatment.


Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology | 2010

Autoimmune hepatitis in two psoriasis patients treated with inflixmab

Catherine Goujon; Karima Dahel; F. Berard; Isabelle Guillot; Nathalie Gunera-Saad; Jean-François Nicolas

REFERENCES 1. Sidoroff A, Dunant A, Viboud C, Halevy S, Bavinck J, Naldi L, et al. Risk factors for acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis-results of a multinational case-control study (EuroSCAR). Br J Dermatol 2007;157:989-96. 2. Girardi M, Duncan K, Tigelaar R, Imaeda S, Watsky K, McNiff J. Cross-comparison of patch test and lymphocyte proliferation responses in patients with a history of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis. Am J Dermatopathol 2005;27:343-6. 3. Britschgi M, Pichler W. Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, a clue to neutrophil-mediated inflammatory processes orchestrated by T cells. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;2:325-31. 4. Britschgi M, Steiner U, Schmid S, Depta J, Senti G, Bircher A, et al. T-cell involvement in drug-induced acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis. J Clin Invest 2001;107:1433-41. 5. Betto P, Germi L, Bonoldi E, Bertazzoni M. Acute localized exanthematous pustulosis (ALEP) caused by amoxicillinclavulanic acid. Int J Dermatol 2008;47:295-6.


Annales De Dermatologie Et De Venereologie | 2007

Réactions d’allure immédiate aux anesthésiques locaux : démarche diagnostique et thérapeutique

Nathalie Gunera-Saad; Isabelle Guillot; F. Cousin; Ka Philips; A. Bessard; Leslie H. Vincent; J.-F. Nicolas

Resume Introduction Les effets indesirables des anesthesiques locaux sont frequents, mais les accidents allergiques sont rares. Nous rapportons 80 cas adresses a la consultation pour accidents d’allure immediate aux anesthesiques locaux. Nous proposons une demarche diagnostique permettant de verifier la realite de l’hypersensibilite immediate aux anesthesiques locaux. Malades et methodes Nous avons analyse retrospectivement tous les dossiers des malades adresses dans l’unite par leur medecin ou chirurgien-dentiste entre septembre 2001 et mai 2004 pour manifestations d’allure immediate au decours d’une anesthesie locale. Ces malades ont eu des tests cutanes a la recherche d’une hypersensibilite immediate (pricks tests et intradermoreactions) avec lecture a 20 minutes. Resultats Quatre-vingts malades ont ete examines pendant cette periode dans l’unite. Les symptomes les plus frequemment rapportes etaient l’œdeme de la face et les malaises. Le delai de survenue des symptomes allait de quelques secondes apres l’injection a plus de 48 heures apres le geste. Les anesthesiques locaux responsables etaient de la famille des amides dans 91 p. 100 des cas et de la famille des esters dans 9 p. 100 des cas. Chez 79 malades, les tests cutanes etaient negatifs permettant d’ecarter le diagnostic d’hypersensibilite immediate aux anesthesiques locaux et de reintroduire la molecule anesthesique. Une seule malade se revelait authentiquement allergique a la lidocaine avec une reactivite croisee pour la mepivacaine. Discussion Les effets indesirables non allergiques des anesthesiques locaux sont frequents et sont de nature pharmaconeurologique ou toxique. En revanche, les accidents allergiques sont exceptionnels, le plus souvent a type d’hypersensibilites de type IV et beaucoup plus rarement a type d’hypersensibilite de type I avec moins de 10 cas authentiquement prouves recenses dans la litterature. Les tests cutanes sont fiables dans notre experience. Nous proposons une demarche diagnostique pour differencier les intolerances aux anesthesiques locaux des allergies vraies.


European Journal of Dermatology | 2006

Methotrexate for the treatment of adult atopic dermatitis

Catherine Goujon; F. Bérard; Karima Dahel; Isabelle Guillot; Anca Hennino; Audrey Nosbaum; Nathalie Saad; Jean-François Nicolas


European Journal of Dermatology | 2007

Arterial thrombosis with anti-phospholipid antibodies induced by infliximab

Audrey Nosbaum; Catherine Goujon; Bertrand Fleury; Isabelle Guillot; Jean-François Nicolas; F. Bérard


Revue Francaise D Allergologie Et D Immunologie Clinique | 2007

Maladie sérique à l’ofloxacine

E. Berthoux; F. Bérard; Isabelle Guillot; Jacques Bienvenu; Aurore Rozières; J.-F. Nicolas


La Revue du praticien | 2004

How to understand psoriasis

F. Bérard; Isabelle Guillot; Nathalie Saad; Jean-François Nicolas


Revue Francaise D Allergologie Et D Immunologie Clinique | 2007

Maladie srique lofloxacine

Emilie Berthoux; F. Bérard; Isabelle Guillot; Jacques Bienvenu; Aurore Rozières; Jean Francois Nicolas


Revue Francaise D Allergologie Et D Immunologie Clinique | 2007

Excellente tolérance du prick-test dans l’exploration des allergies médicamenteuses en milieu de type hospitalier

A. Nosbaum; Isabelle Guillot; F. Cousin-Testard; N. Gunera-Saad; V. Chambost; F. Bérard; J.-F. Nicolas


Annales De Dermatologie Et De Venereologie | 2007

Ractions dallure immdiate aux anesthsiques locaux : dmarche diagnostique et thrapeutique

Nathalie Gunera-Saad; Isabelle Guillot; F. Cousin; Ka Philips; Anne-Claire Hardy Bessard; Leslie H. Vincent; J.-F. Nicolas

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Audrey Nosbaum

University of California

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Jean-François Nicolas

French Institute of Health and Medical Research

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