Iskra Lakova

A REVISED CHITINOZOAN CLASSIFICATION

The successful definition of chitinozoan genera depends primarily on the precision of the criteria used. A standardized morphological terminology based upon details from scanning electron microscope observations of the most representative taxa bearing these characters is therefore proposed. The 143 genera, or subgenera, described so far in the literature are reviewed in order to exclude invalid taxa and obvious junior synonyms. Particular attention is paid to preventing the overlap of generic definitions of the 56 genera ultimately retained. A brief account of the diagnostic features and stratigraphic range of selected genera is given, and basic information concerning the type material of these genera is listed. Finally, a suprageneric classification of the whole Chitinozoa group based on diagnostic features whose hierarchy is established on statistical and evolutionary grounds, is given. One new subfamily, Pogonochitininae, three new genera, Baltochitina, Hyalochitina, and Saharochitina, and a new species Baltochitina nolvaki, are defined. The sub-species Fungochitina fungiformis spinifera is elevated to a specific rank.

Stratigraphy, correlations and palaeogeography of Palaeozoic terranes of Bulgaria and NW Turkey: a review of recent data

Abstract Within the Alpine tectonic units SE of the European Variscan Orogenic Belt in Bulgaria and NW Turkey several crustal blocks are identified. Although their contact relations with surrounding units are obscured by Alpine events, the differences in the succession of events, stratigraphy, sedimentology and palaeobiogeographical distribution within them permits recognition of the Moesian, Balkan, Istanbul and Zonguldak Terranes. The Moesian terrane corresponds to the pre-Variscan Palaeozoic and Neoproterozoic rocks of the Moesian microplate in north Bulgaria and south Romania. The Balkan Terrane in Bulgaria incorporates Neoproteozoic and Palaeozoic sequences in the Western Balkanides (part of the Carpathian-Balkan orogen) and another three allochthonous units (Kraishte, Central Balkanides and Strandzhides). In NW Anatolia in Turkey, the Caledonian basement and Ordovician to Carboniferous sedimentary succession are divided into the Istanbul Terrane and the Zonguldak Terrane. With the exception of the Moesian Terrane in the Bulgarian area, they all comprise a Cadomian basement with relicts of oceanic lithosphere, volcanic arc and a continental crust of unknown affinity. Based on characteristic features within their Palaeozoic successions, there terranes are correlated with the main terrane assemblages in Central and Eastern Europe. It is suggested that they all are of peri-Gondwanan origin but behaved independently while drifting towards Laurussia. During the Early Devonian the Zonguldak Terrane docked to Baltica, whereas the others were still at similar palaeolatitudes to the Central European terranes (e.g. Saxo-Thuringian). This was followed by the successive accretion of the Moesian Terrane to Laurussia along the Rhenohercynian suture at the end of Devonian-Early Carboniferous and of the Balkan and Istanbul Terranes the Early and Late Carboniferous.

New age data from the tectonostratigraphic units of the Istranca “Massif” in NW Turkey: a correlation with SE Bulgaria

Abstract The Istranca Crystalline Complex in NW Anatolia and SE Bulgaria includes structural units that differ in lithostratigraphy, metamorphism, age and structural position. They are collectively named as the “Istranca nappes” comprising from bottom to top the Sarpdere, Mahyadağ and Doğanköy Nappes. The Sarpdere Nappe consists of Lower Triassic arkosic metasandstones with slate interlayers, followed by Middle to Upper Triassic carbonates and an alternation of Upper Triassic clastics and carbonates. The Mahyadağ Nappe comprises a low-grade metamorphic Late Paleozoic- Triassic carbonate-siliciclastic sedimentary succession. The Doğanköy Nappe includes Precambrian?-Paleozoic metasediments, intruded by Late Carboniferous-Early Permian calc-alkaline granitoids. Its Triassic cover comprises metaclastics and metacarbonates. The Istranca nappes were juxtaposed at the end of the Triassic and transgressively covered by Lower Jurassic coarse clastics, followed above by Middle to Late Jurassic carbonates, black shales and carbonate-siliciclastic sedimentary succession. The phosphate concretions in black shales yielded radiolarian assemblages indicating Late Bajocian-Early Bathonian, Early Bathonian and Early Kimmeridgian ages. These nappes and their Jurassic cover are unconformably overlain by the Cenomanian-Santonian volcano-sedimentary successions intruded by Santonian-Campanian Dereköy-Demirköy intrusive suite. The preliminary data suggest that the Variscan basements of the Mahyadağ and Sarpdere Nappes were juxtaposed prior to the Triassic and overridden by the Doğanköy Nappe of possible Rhodopean origin from S to N during the Cimmerian compressional events