İsmail Aytekin

Effects of Sildenafil Citrate, Isoniazid, and Streptomycin on Testicular Tissue and Epididymal Semen Quality in Rats

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of isoniazid (INH) and streptomycin (STR) on epididymal semen quality and testicular tissue, and to evaluate the protective effect of sildenafil citrate (SC) on possible testicular toxicity induced by STR and INH in rats. METHODS Eighty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into 8 groups including control, SC, INH, STR, STR+INH, SC+INH, SC+STR, and SC+INH+STR. After 45 days of treatment, the reproductive organ weights, epididymal semen quality, testicular histopathological findings, levels of serum nitric oxide, testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were investigated. RESULTS SC significantly increased the epididymal sperm motility and concentration, and the levels of FSH, LH, and testosterone. The STR group had a significantly higher percentage of sperm head defect than the control group (P < .05). The INH group had lower Johnsen Testicular Biopsy Score than the control group (P < .001). Although SC and INH treatment alone did not affect the epididymal semen quality negatively, the SC+INH group had significantly higher spermatozoon tail and total morphologic defect ratios than the control group (P < .05). CONCLUSION It has been concluded from this study that (1) SC has positive effects on spermatogenesis, sperm production, and semen quality; (2) STR affected the testicular biopsy score and spermatozoon head morphology negatively, but positively affected the other spermatologic traits; (3) INH did not effect the epididymal semen quality negatively, but decreased testicular biopsy score; and (4) SC can prevent the spermatozoon head defects induced by STR and can decrease the testicular toxicity induced by INH.

Principles of Blood Transfusion

The aim of this chapter is to present a revised overview of small and large animal transfusion medicine based on a review of the veterinary literature. Blood transfusion has become more performable in small and large animal practice. By donor selection and the availability of blood component substitutes, usage of the blood products improved. The use of blood component therapy safely needed knowledge of blood groups, antibody prevalence and the impact of blood groups on veterinary transfusion medicine. Animal blood transfusions antibodies against blood group antigens also play a role. In addition knowledge of the means to decrease the risk of adverse reactions by using proper donors and screening assays that simplify detection of serological incompatibility is important. The clinical significance of blood group antigens in veterinary medicine is generally in the areas of transfusion reactions and neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI). This chapter includes an update on canine and feline, horse, donkey, cattle, sheep, gaot, pig, llama and alpaca blood groups and known blood incompatibilities, donor selection and blood collection, storage of blood components, available equine blood products and indications for transfusion, whole blood (WB) and blood product transfusion in ruminants and camelids, blood component and blood substitute therapy, administration, and adverse reactions in small and large animal blood transfusion.

Evaluation Of Serum Cholinesterase And Amyloid A Levels İn Cows With Botulism

GİRİŞ ve AMAÇ: Bu ça l ışmada botulismuslu ve sağlıklı ineklerde serum kolinesteraz, amiloid A, albumin, tota l protein, tota l bi l i rubin, üre, GGT ve SDH araştırıldı. YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Çal ışma ve kontrol grubunu gebe ve kuru dönemde iki i le beş yaşları aras ında değişen 10 adet botul i smus lu ve 6 adet sağl ıkl ı holştayn inek oluşturdu. Parametrelerin serum düzeyl eri Nefelometre BNII ve otoanal izör kul lanılarak ölçüldü. Boti lusmuslu hayvanların kan serumlarından ve s i la jdan fare inokulasyon testi yapıldı. BULGULAR: Botul ismuslu ineklerin kan serumlarında ve sila jda Clostridium botulinum tip C ve tip D toksini tespit edildi. Serum, kolinesteraz, amiloid A, a lbumin, total protein, total bili rubin ve SDH botulismuslu ve sağlıklı ineklerde önemli bir değişikl ik göstermezken botul ismus lu ineklerde üre ve GGT düşük çıktı. TARTIŞMA ve SONUÇ: Botul ismus lu ineklerde kol inesteraz ve formlarının araştırılmas ı botul i smusun fi zyopatoloji s ine ve prognozuna faydal ı olabi leceği sonucuna varıldı. Anahtar Kelimeler: Botul ismus , inek, kol inesteraz, serum ami loid A, toks in