Israel Teoldo da Costa

Sistema de avaliação táctica no Futebol (FUT-SAT): Desenvolvimento e validação preliminar

The purpose of this paper was to report the development and preliminary validation of tactical assessment system in Soccer and highlight its advantages. The validation process followed five perspectives of the concept of validity that consider the value of heuristic methods and the importance of the description of behavior performed in playing situations. Thus, the process of validation was focused on four points: i) acceptability and reasonableness of the test perceived by players; ii) analysis of content of assessment tool through a panel of experts; iii) potential of the assessment tool to discriminate the quality of the performance of players; iv) observation reliability. The results displayed values higher than 0.63 for correlation between the evaluations of coaches and the system. It shows the potential of this system to distinguish the performances of players based on the evaluations of coaches. The players who performed the field test agreed with its physical demands and spatial and normative configurations. All experts endorsed the categories and variables of this system. The reliabilities showed values higher than 0.79 for intra and inter-observers. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that the system is valid and reliable for the assessment of the tactical behavior of soccer players.

Influence of Relative Age Effects and Quality of Tactical Behaviour in the Performance of Youth Soccer Players

The present study examines the associations between tactical performance indexes with quality of tactical behaviours and birth-date quarters of youth Soccer players. The sample comprised a total of 534 youth players classified into four seasons of 3 months (January-March; April-June; July-September; October-December). A system of tactical assessment in Soccer (FUT-SAT) was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression were applied. The tactical performance indexes were divided into tercis (low, moderate and high) in order to evaluate the influences of relative age effects and quality of tactical behaviours. The quality in the “penetration” and “offensive coverage” principles were positively related to moderate performance indexes. Players with the highest quality in the “depth mobility” and “unity defensive” principles were more likely to present higher performance indexes. Regarding the defensive phase, those with better qualities in the “delay”, “concentration” and “defensive unity” principles were more likely to have moderate performance index. Additionally, better quality in the “defensive coverage” and “balance” principles corresponded to a higher likelihood of having a superior performance index. Relative age effects were observed only in high defensive performance index. The present results revealed a positive correlation between tactical performance indexes and quality of tactical behaviours.

Review of the tactical evaluation tools for youth players, assessing the tactics in team sports: football.

AbstractFor sports assessment to be comprehensive, it must address all variables of sports development, such as psychological, social-emotional, physical and physiological, technical and tactical. Tactical assessment has been a neglected variable until the 1980s or 1990s. In the last two decades (1995–2015), the evolution of tactical assessment has grown considerably, given its importance in game performance. The aim of this paper is to compile and analyze different tactical measuring tools in team sports, particularly in soccer, through a bibliographical review. Six tools have been selected on five different criteria: (1) Instruments which assess tactics, (2) The studies have an evolution approach related to the tactical principles, (3) With a valid and reliable method, (4) The existence of publications mentioning the tool in the method, v. Applicable in different sports contexts. All six tools are structured around seven headings: introduction, objective(s), tactical principles, materials, procedures, instructions/rules of the game and published studies. In conclusion, the teaching–learning processes more tactical oriented have useful tactical assessment instrument in the literature. The selection of one or another depends some context information, like age and level of expertise of the players.

Affective Decision-Making and Tactical Behavior of Under-15 Soccer Players

Affective decision-making is a type of Executive Function related to cost benefit analysis in situations where gains and losses imply direct consequences for the subject. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of the affective decision-making on tactical behavior in soccer players under the age of 15 years old. The System of Tactical Assessment in Soccer (FUT-SAT) was used to assess tactical behavior. To evaluate affective decision-making, we used the neuropsychological test called The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). The values of the offensive, defensive and game tactical behavior of participants were used to create performance groups. The low (≤25%) and high (≥75%) groups, according to offensive, defensive and game tactical behavior, were compared and shown to be different. The values of the IGT net score of the participants with low and high tactical behavior were compared using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. Statistically significant differences between the groups were observed for Defensive Tactical Behavior (Z = −3.133; p = 0.002; r = −0.355) and Game Tactical Behavior (Z = −2.267; p = 0.023; r = −0.260). According to these results, it is possible to state that affective decision-making can influence the tactical behavior of under-15 soccer players.

The relative age effect in combat sports: an analysis of olympic judo athletes, 1964-2012

This study assessed the relative age effect (RAE) in judo athletes who participated in the Olympic Games from 1964 to 2012. The names and birth-dates of the Olympic judo athletes were collected from open-access websites. Data from male (n = 1,762) and female (n = 665) competitors were analyzed separately. Chi-squared tests were performed to investigate REA in medalists, and by weight categories and sexes. When the analyses used semesters to divide the period when the athletes were born, a RAE was found in male heavyweight athletes and male medallists. Thus, in a selected group of judo athletes who had participated at the highest competitive level, RAEs were present in both athletes who won Olympic medals and heavyweight athletes in the male group.

Modelos de tomada de decisão em bioética clínica: apontamentos para a abordagem computacional

Bioethics has become over the recent decades a central question to clinical practice, due to the fact that it provides theoretical tools for decision making in health care. The issue that arises concerns how to know whether the decision made is the most appropriate, considering that a clinic decision – whether working in primary, secondary, or tertiary care – must be accurate from both the technical and the ethical point of views. As a result, different models for decision making in clinical bioethics have been presented in the literature. Based on these considerations, the objective of this article is to point important issues about (i) decision making in the field of clinical bioethics and (ii) the possibilities of computational approaches to assist such decisions.Models of decision making in clinical bioethics: notes for a computational approach Bioethics has become over the recent decades a central question to clinical practice, due to the fact that it provides theoretical tools for decision making in health care. The issue that arises concerns how to know whether the decision made is the most appropriate, considering that a clinic decision – whether working in primary, secondary, or tertiary care – must be accurate from both the technical and the ethical point of views. As a result, different models for decision making in clinical bioethics have been presented in the literature. Based on these considerations, the objective of this article is to point important issues about (i) decision making in the field of clinical bioethics and (ii) the possibilities of computational approaches to assist such decisions.

Relative age effect in Brazilian soccer players: a historical analysis

Relative Age Effect (RAE) refers to the differences in age between individuals grouped together for some performance activity. This study aimed to track the existence of RAEs in Brazilian football players throughout history. The sample consisted of 202951 players registered in the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF). The individuals in the sample were born from 1921 to 1996 and played football professionally. The players were grouped into blocks of years, according to the years of their birth. The results revealed that the RAE presented in Brazilian soccer players and was showed a progressive growth over the years. Thus, the present study confirmed the hypothesis that RAE is present in Brazilian soccer players.

Human versus virtual robotics soccer: A technical analysis

Abstract Soccer is a team sport in which the performances of all team members are important for the outcome of a match. Even though the analysis of game events can be used to measure the teams performance, their perception, especially during the match, is extremely difficult, even for the involved agents. Soccer has been used as a simulation environment in many studies, mainly in the area of robotics. The RoboCup is an international robotics competition with an ambitious goal: in 2050 a robotics team will be capable of defeating the human world champion at the time. In this context, we compared technical similarities between human and robotics soccer. Based on an off-line automatic event detection tool, game statistics for the finals of both human and robotics soccer tournaments were collected and compared using the Wilcoxon test. The results show that the most frequent event in both forms of soccer is successful passes. Analysing the two types of passes considered (successful and missed), we conclude that there are significant differences between the two forms (W = 2, P=0.000354), with human soccer presenting a higher percentage of successful passes (77.89% vs. 66.97%). Of restart events (W=0, P=0.00048965), the most frequent one, in both forms, is the throw-in (human 59.91%, robotics 66.4%), and the least frequent is the corner (human 13.7%, robotics 14.09%). Regarding the frequency of shots, in the robotics environment “shots” were the most predominant type (43.27%), whereas in human soccer “shots on target” predominated (71.25%; W=64, P=0.000085641). Finally, the number of faults is minor in robotics soccer.

Validação da escala de motivação no esporte (SMS) no futebol para a língua portuguesa brasileira

O objetivo deste estudo foi submeter o questionario Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) ao processo de validacao transcultural da Escala de Motivacao no Esporte para a lingua portuguesa brasileira (EME-BR), verificando sua validade e aplicabilidade na populacao de jovens atletas brasileiros de futebol de alto nivel. Participaram deste estudo 370 atletas. Utilizou-se o Instrumento denominado Escala de Motivacao no Esporte - versao brasileira (EME-BR), no qual e composto por 28 itens, dividido em sete dimensoes. Para a traducao e adaptacao do instrumento, foram adotados os procedimentos sugeridos na literatura. Os resultados da analise fatorial confirmatoria, demonstraram que com excecao do teste S-Bx² que foi significante (p 0,70), entretanto, as demais dimensoes, aproximam-se do indice desejavel. Contudo, os resultados obtidos no presente estudo dao algum suporte para a validade da EME-BR com jogadores brasileiros jovens de futebol de alto nivel.

Proposta de avaliação do comportamento tático de jogadores de Futebol baseada em princípios fundamentais do jogo

The tactical procedural knowledge assessment has displayed scarce approach concerning characteristics of Soccer game, specially, in the teaching context. This paper aims to show a proposal of tactical behavior evaluation of soccer player which takes account fundamentals tactical principles of Soccer game. This proposal tries to reflect specificity of the Soccer context and to establish a connection between the contents of training sections and assessment of the tactical development of players in all formations stages.