Ítalo Herbert Lucena Cavalcante

DESORDEM FISIOLÓGICA E PRODUTIVIDADE DE MANGUEIRA CV. PALMER ASSOCIADA À NUTRIÇÃO DE BORO

The Sao Francisco Valley is the largest producer of mango under irrigated conditions. In the mango crop, beyond yield, boron is the micronutrient that most affects the fruit quality and this deficiency can cause physiological disorders. Accordingly, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the association of boron with incidence of physiological disorder in mango fruits cv. Palmer and his effect in the fruit yield. The treatments consisted on seven different fertilization managements: T1 = Two fertirrigations with 50 g plant -1 of H3BO3 (fertilizing of the grower); T2 = T1 + five sprays with H3BO3 [first two (0.3%) and others (0.2%)]; T3 = T1 + five sprays with H3BO3 [first two (0.3%) and others (0.4%)]; T4 = T1 + five sprays with H3BO3 [first two (0.3%) and others (0.6%)]; T5 = T1 + two sprays with H3BO3 (0.3%) + three fertirrigations (10 g plant -1 of H3BO3); T6 = T1 + two sprays with H3BO3 (0.3 %) + three fertirrigations (20 g plant -1 of H3BO3); T7 = T1 + two sprays with H3BO3 (0.3%) + three fertirrigations (40 g plant -1 of H3BO3). There is evidence that boron deficiency can cause the emission of fruits affected by physiological disorder and the management of boron fertilization is effective for reducing this problem and also influences mango fruit yield cv. Palmer, detaching that T2 reached an average yield of 35.62 t ha-1, although more studies are needed to recommend a suitable crop management system.The Sao Francisco Valley is the largest producer of mango under irrigated conditions. In the mango crop, beyond yield, boron is the micronutrient that most affects the fruit quality and this deficiency can cause physiological disorders. Accordingly, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the association of boron with incidence of physiological disorder in mango fruits cv. Palmer and his effect in the fruit yield. The treatments consisted on seven different fertilization managements: T1 = Two fertirrigations with 50 g plant -1 of H3BO3 (fertilizing of the grower); T2 = T1 + five sprays with H3BO3 [first two (0.3%) and others (0.2%)]; T3 = T1 + five sprays with H3BO3 [first two (0.3%) and others (0.4%)]; T4 = T1 + five sprays with H3BO3 [first two (0.3%) and others (0.6%)]; T5 = T1 + two sprays with H3BO3 (0.3%) + three fertirrigations (10 g plant -1 of H3BO3); T6 = T1 + two sprays with H3BO3 (0.3 %) + three fertirrigations (20 g plant -1 of H3BO3); T7 = T1 + two sprays with H3BO3 (0.3%) + three fertirrigations (40 g plant -1 of H3BO3). There is evidence that boron deficiency can cause the emission of fruits affected by physiological disorder and the management of boron fertilization is effective for reducing this problem and also influences mango fruit yield cv. Palmer, detaching that T2 reached an average yield of 35.62 t ha-1, although more studies are needed to recommend a suitable crop management system.

Aproveitamento de materiais alternativos na produção de mudas de tomateiro sob adubação foliar

RESUMO - A utilizacao dos residuos orgânicos na composicao dos substratos para mudas significa uma alternativa a reciclagem desses materiais. Objetivou-se avaliar as caracteristic as agronomicas de mudas de tomateiro produzidas em materiais regionais alternativos utilizados como substrato e sob adubacao foliar. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido no Campus da Universidade Federal do Piaui, em Bom Jesus-PI. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com os tratamentos distribuidos em esquema fatorial 5x2, referentes a cinco materiais utilizados como substratos na presenca e ausencia de adubacao foliar (Vitam ®), com quatro repeticoes. Os materiais constaram de: 1) solo + areia + esterco bovino; 2) pau de buriti; 3) residuo de carnauba + casca de arroz; 4) residuo de carnauba em po e 5) residuo de carnauba semi-decomposto. O cultivo foi feito em bandeja de poliestireno expandido com 128 celulas. Foram avaliados porcentagem de emergencia, indice de velocidade de emergencia, altura de planta, numero de folhas, diâmetro do caule, comprimento da maior raiz, volume de raiz, massa fresca e massa seca da parte aerea e da raiz e massa seca total. O residuo de carnauba com casca de arroz e residuo de carnauba semi-decomposto apresentaram medias significativamente superiores aos demais materiais para todas as variaveis estudadas, exceto para a porcentagem de emergencia e indice de velocidade de emergencia. Independentemente do material usado como substrato na formacao de mudas de tomateiro, exceto para o residuo de carnauba em po, a aplicacao de adubacao foliar proporciona mudas de melhor qualidade. Palavras-chave: Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.. Nutricao mineral, Propagacao. Residuos orgânicos.

New organic substrates and boron fertilizing for production of yellow passion fruit seedlings

The identification of alternative substrates suitable for seedling production is very important, while boron nutrition is also relevant due to plant requirement and its difficult management. Thus, four experiments were carried out from October 2012 to April 2013 to evaluate the effect of substrates using decomposed buriti (Mauritia vinifera Mart.) stem (DBS) and boron fertilizing for seedling production of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims). The experimental design was completely randomized in factorial scheme 6 × 2 + 1, referring to the substrates [S1: DBS, S2: soil and sand 1:1 (20%) + DBS (80%), S3: soil and sand 1:1 (40%) + DBS (60%), S4: soil and sand 1:1 (60%) + DBS (40%), S5: soil and sand 1:1 (80%) + DBS (20%), S6: commercial substrate (additional treatment) and S7: soil, sand and manure 1:1:2] with and without boron. The seedling emergence, emergence rate, plant height, stem diameter, root length, root volume and dry mass of roots and shoots were recorded. The substrates S2 (without B fertilizing) and S4 (B fertilized with 0.5 mg dm−3) produced seedlings with more than 3.0 g of shoot dry mass and at least 30 cm in height, and can be used for production of high-quality yellow passion fruit seedlings.

Nutrient Concentrations and Leaf Chlorophyll of Yellow Passion Fruit Seedlings as a Function of Substrate Composition and Boron

This study evaluated nutrient accumulation of yellow passion fruit seedlings produced in substrates containing proportions of decomposed buriti (Mauritia vinifera Mart.) stem (DBS) and the boron in this process. Four experiments were conducted in Federal University of Piauí in Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized in factorial scheme 6 × 2 + 1, referring to the substrates [DBS (100%), soil and sand 1:1 (20%) + DBS (80%), soil and sand 1:1 (40%) + DBS (60%), soil and sand 1:1 (60%) + DBS (40%), soil and sand 1:1 (80%) + DBS (20%), commercial substrate (additional treatment without boron) and soil, sand and manure 1:1:2] with (0.5 mg B.dm−3) and without boron. The following variables were recorded: total nitrogen, total phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium, boron, absorption efficiency index and chlorophyll. No influence concerning the substrate composition was noticed on nutritional status, but boron influenced on K and Mg of yellow passion fruit seedlings.

Planting spacing and NK fertilizing on physiological indexes and fruit production of papaya under semiarid climate

The nutritional requirements of papaya (Carica papaya L.) increase continuously throughout the crop cycle, especially for potassium and nitrogen, which are the most required nutrients and act on plant vital functions such as photosynthetic activity, respiration, transpiration and stomatal regulation. An experiment was conducted from November 2010 to December 2012 to evaluate physiological indexes and fruit production of papaya cv. Caliman-01 as a function of planting spacing and NK fertilizing. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, with treatments distributed in a factorial arrangement (2 × 4 × 4), using 2 planting spacing [simple rows (3.8 × 2.0 m) and double rows (3.8 × 2.0 × 1.8 m)], 4 nitrogen doses (320, 400, 480 and 560 g of N per plant-1) and 4 potassium doses (380, 475, 570 and 665 g of K2O per plant-1) with 4 replications of 3 plants each. The following variables were evaluated: leaf area index (LAI), leaf chlorophyll index (a, b and total index), intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (Int.PAR, in µmol∙m-2∙s-1), efficiency use of photosynthetically active radiation (Ef.PAR) and fruit yield. The fruit production and physiological characteristics of papaya cv. Caliman-01 depend on planting spacing. Under the soil, climate and plant conditions of this study, 665 g of K2O and 320 g of N per plant under double spacing could be recommended for the production of papaya cv. Caliman-01.

Substrato alternativo para produção de mudas de mamoeiro formosa (cv. Caliman)

For the successful cultivation of papaya, fruits of high quality are essential and this starts with seedlings of high genetic potential and quality. The objective of this project was to evaluate the decomposed trunk of buriti (CDB) (Mauritia vinifera Mart.) plants for the formation of seedlings of ‘Caliman’ cv. of papaya of the formosa type. The experimental units were distributed in the greenhouse (a screen covering which allowed 50% luminosity) according to a completely random design. The treatments consisted of six formulations of the substrata : S1 : soil and sand 1:1 (80%) + CDB (20%), S2 : soil and sand 1:1 (60%) + CDB (40%), S3 : soil and sand 1 : 1 (40%) + CDB (60%), S4 : soil and sand 1:1 (20%) + CDB (80%), and S5 : CDB (100%). Each replication of each treatment was formed by five seedlings. The evaluated variables were the following : seedling emergence, speed of emergence index, seedling height, stem diameter, chlorophyll concentration, leaf area, radicular area, mean root length, mean radicular diameter, root density, and mean aerial part and root dry mass. The results showed that CDB can be used at the proportion of 20% to compose substrata for the development of papaya seedlings. This formulation favors plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, leaf chlorophyll, radicular diameter, aerial part and root dry mass. Additional keywords: Carica papaya L; regional substrates; seedling quality.

Nutritional status of the potted chrysanthemum relative to electrical conductivity and salt leaching.

A qualidade das plantas ornamentais cultivadas em vaso e altamente dependente da adubacao e do manejo do substrato. Nesse sentido, realizou-se um experimento em ambiente protegido para avaliar o estado nutricional do crisântemo cv. Miramar cultivado em vaso em funcao da condutividade eletrica da solucao nutritiva e lixiviacao de sais. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em quatro repeticoes, com os tratamentos distribuidos em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, referentes aos niveis de condutividade eletrica da solucao nutritiva (CEs = 2,1; 2,8; 3,5; 4,2 e 4,9 dS m-1) em substrato sem (SSL) e com (SCL) lavagem para lixiviacao dos sais. O estado nutricional das plantas foi avaliado pela analise foliar de macro (N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S) e micronutrientes (Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn). O aumento da CEs inibiu o acumulo de micronutrientes e de nitrogenio, mas estimulou os teores de P, K, Ca, Mg e S na massa seca foliar do crisântemo. A lixiviacao dos sais promoveu maior acumulo foliar de Cu, Fe e Mn nas plantas. Dentre os macronutrientes, excecao feita ao calcio e enxofre, nao ocorreu diferenca significativa para N, P, K e Mg quanto a lixiviacao de sais.

Boron fertilizing management on fruit production and quality of mango cv. Palmer in semiarid

Adequate fertilizing management is crucial to reach high mango yields that demand a well-defined fertilizer management, including micronutrient such as boron which management is more difficult due to the narrow range between deficiency and toxicity. This way, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the fruit production and quality of mango cv. Palmer as a function of boron fertilizing management in Brazilian semiarid. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with six treatments (strategies for boron fertilizing), as follows: T1 = five sprays with H3BO3 (two first at 0.3% and three at 0.2%); T2 = five sprays with H3BO3 (two first at 0.3% and three at 0.4%); T3 = five sprays with H3BO3 (two first at 0.3% and three at 0.6%); T4 = two sprays with H3BO3 at 0.3% + three fertigations with 10 g of H3BO3 plant -1; T5 = two sprays with H3BO3 at 0.3% + three fertigations with 20 g of H3BO3 plant -1; and T6 = two sprays with H3BO3 at 0.3% + three fertigations with 40 g of H3BO3 plant -1. Boron fertilizing management (foliar spray and fertigation) affects fruit production and quality of mango cv. ‘Palmer’ grown in semiarid. According to the minimum quality criteria required for mango fruit commercialization and the fruit production per plant in semiarid, five sprays with H3BO3 [two first at 0.3% and three at 0.2%] could be recommended.

Production and quality of mango fruits cv. Tommy atkins fertigated with potassium in semi-arid region

1Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão. São Raimundo das Mangabeiras-MA. Brasil. E-mail: marcio.carneiro@ifma.edu.br 2Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco. Petrolina-PE. Brasil. E-mails: augusto.lima@univasf.edu.br; italo.cavalcante@univasf.edu.br; karla.smsousa@univasf.edu.br; karynebosa@hotmail.com 3Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” Câmpus Araraquara. Araraquara-SP. Brasil. E-mail: fernandac.alencar2010@gmail. com Abstract-Correct management of potassium (K) fertilization is of fundamental importance for mango orchards, and K is one of the most exported and yield-limiting nutrients. Thus, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the production and physical-chemical characteristics of Tommy Atkins mango fruits under fertigation with different doses of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate in the semi-arid region. The experimental design was randomized blocks in split plots, using five K doses (50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of the recommended dose) in the plots and two sources of K (potassium chloride – KCl and potassium sulfate – K2SO4) in the subplots, with four replicates. The following characteristics were evaluated: transverse and longitudinal diameters, skin thickness, fruit weight, production per plant, pulp percentage, hydrogen potential (pH), soluble solid (SS), ascorbic acid (VIT C), titratable acidity (TA) and SS/TA ratio. The doses and sources of K applied through fertigation caused significant effect on fruit physical-chemical characteristics and production per plant in Tommy Atkins mango, particularly at the dose of 349 g plant-1 of K2SO4, which led to higher production per plant and guaranteed the minimum quality required for fruit physical-chemical characteristics.

CRESCIMENTO, FISIOLOGIA E PRODUTIVIDADE DO MAMOEIRO FORMOSA CULTIVADO SOB DIFERENTES DOSES DE UREIA PROTEGIDA E CONVENCIONAL

Mineral fertilizer management is one of the most important agronomic techniques applied in papaya cultivation, which generally extracts large amounts of nutrients from soil, especially nitrogen. This study aimed to assess the phytotechnical and physiological attributes and yield of „Formosa‟ papaya hybrid Caliman 01 as a function of different doses of coated and conventional urea in the region of Bom Jesus PI, Brazil. The treatments were arranged in a factorial scheme (2 × 4) and distributed in a randomized block design with four replications, corresponding to 2 nitrogen sources (coated urea, 43% of N; and conventional urea, 45% of N) and 4 doses nitrogen (350, 440, 530 and 620 g per plant). The N doses used corresponded to 80, 100, 120 and 140% of the nitrogen fertilization. It was used six plants per plot with two row borders, totaling 192 plants cultivated in the field. It was assessed the intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (int.PAR), radiation interception efficiency (PAREff.), leaf area index (LAI), plant height, stem diameter and yield. The coated urea promotes a higher growth and yield of „Formosa‟ papaya compared to the conventional urea. The application of 1.0 g of coated N promotes the production of 2.87 g of fruit per hectare while the application of 1.0 g of conventional N produces only 1.89 g of fruit per hectare, showing that the source of polymerized N increases the use efficiency of N applied to soil.