Itiberê P. Bernardi

Predation on Alouatta guariba clamitans Cabrera (Primates, Atelidae) by Leopardus pardalis (Linnaeus) (Carnivora, Felidae)

There are a few studies about predation on primates. Howler monkeys, being relatively large animals, were believed to be preyed on successfully only by medium to large-sized carnivores and large birds of prey. Our study took place at Chacara Payquere, which is situated in the municipality of Balsa Nova, State of Parana, Southern Brazil. Fingers and nails from Alouatta guariba clamitans Cabrera, 1940 were founded in two faecal samples from Leopardus pardalis (Linnaeus, 1758). With our documentation large howler monkey remains in faeces, the possibility of ocelot being a potential predator of all Neotropical primates should be taken into consideration.

Sympatry between Alouatta caraya and Alouatta clamitans and the rediscovery of free-ranging potential hybrids in Southern Brazil

Records of sympatry between Alouatta caraya and A. clamitans are rare despite their extensive range overlap. An example of their current sympatry and the rediscovery of free-ranging potential hybrids of A. caraya and A. clamitans in the forests of the Upper Paraná River, Southern Brazil, are reported in this paper. Eight groups were observed in the study area: five monospecific groups of A. caraya, two of A. clamitans, and a group containing two adult males and two adult females of A. caraya and a sub-adult male and two adult females identified as Alouatta sp. The color of the last three individuals was a mosaic between the two species; this is consistent with previously described variations in museum specimens collected in the Paraná River in the 1940s that had been identified as potential hybrids. The results from this study emphasize the need for scientific studies in the region of the Ilha Grande National Park, one of the few regions in the Paraná River that currently harbors both howler species.

Antipredator Behavior of Brown Howlers Attacked by Black Hawk-eagle in Southern Brazil

In field studies between 2002 and 2004 in southern Brazil, we recorded antipredatory behaviors (N=9) of brown howlers (Alouatta guariba clamitans) under attack by the black hawk-eagle (Spizaetus tyrannus). We observed 2 types of behavioral responses: the descent to the understory followed by the dispersion of the group and immobility and silence. Brown howlers displayed behaviors specific to evading aerial predators, which are similar to the ones in other Neotropical primates.

Morcegos da região sul do Brasil: análise comparativa da riqueza de espécies, novos registros e atualizações nomenclaturais (Mammalia, Chiroptera)

A comparative analysis of the patterns of bat species richness in southern Brazil is presented, as well as similarity analyses among states. The highest richness of bat species is found in the state of Parana, with 64 species, followed by Santa Catarina with 46, and Rio Grande do Sul, with 40. The family Phyllostomidae plays an important role in determining this pattern. The geographical distributions of Trachops cirrhosus (Spix, 1823), Artibeus cinereus (Gervais, 1851) and Thyroptera tricolor Spix, 1823 are expanded to the state of Parana, establishing a new southern limit for these species and for Thyropteridae. In addition Myotis dinellii Thomas, 1901 is first recorded in Brazil, in Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, establishing a new eastern limit for this species. The distribution of Eptesicus taddeii Miranda, Bernardi & Passos, 2006 is extended by a new record in Rio Grande do Sul. An updated list of bats for the southern Brazilian states is presented with few nomenclatural adjustments. The importance of more intensive field efforts to survey the chiropterofauna is highlighted as a way to improve conservation efforts based on representative surveys and scientific collections.

Morcegos de Frederico Westphalen, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil (Mammalia: Chiroptera): riqueza e utilização de abrigos

O Estado do Rio Grande do Sul possui, ate o momento, registros para 38 das 168 especies de morcegos ocorrentes no Brasil e possui extensas areas carentes de amostragem. Neste trabalho apresenta-se uma lista de especies de quiropteros do municipio de Frederico Westphalen no extremo norte do Rio Grande do Sul e sao fornecidas informacoes sobre a utilizacao de edificacoes humanas e minas abandonadas para sete das 25 especies registradas no municipio. De outubro de 2004 a junho de 2008 esforcos amostrais foram realizados em onze areas no municipio visando inventariar a quiropterofauna local. A presenca das especies foi constatada a partir de capturas com auxilio de redes de neblina, busca ativa em refugios, bem como, de exemplares obtidos junto a comunidade. As especies pertencem a 13 generos, das quais a familia Vespertilionidae e representada por 11 especies, Molossidae por sete especies e Phyllostomidae por sete especies. Os resultados obtidos no presente trabalho colocam o Alto Uruguai entre as regioes com maior riqueza de quiropteros do Rio Grande do Sul.

Social Structure of Alouatta Guariba Clamitans: A Group with a Dominant Female

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Status taxonômico e distribucional do complexo Eumops bonariensis (Chiroptera: Molossidae) no sul do Brasil

The taxonomic status and the geographical distribution of the specimens from southern Brazil previously identified as members of the Eumops bonariensis (Peters, 1874) species complex are here reviewed based on specimens deposited in collections of the states of Parana and Rio Grande do Sul. The results of an investigation of diagnostic morphological characters and a multivariate morphometrics analysis suggest the recognition of two forms, E. bonariensis and E. patagonicus Thomas, 1924, thus altering considerably the distributional scenario of these forms in southern Brazil.

Morcegos (Mammalia: Chiroptera) da região do Médio Rio Teles Pires, Sul da Amazônia, Brasil

Amazonia is the largest tropical rainforest in the world and at least 147 bat species occur in this environment. Despite its richness, the diversity of bat fauna is poorly known for this region and there are large gaps in its knowledge. This study aims to describe the bat assemblage of the Middle Teles Pires River (MTP) region, southern Amazonia. Furthermore, we evaluated the similarity of this assemblage in relation to 14 assemblages studied in other Amazonian localities, and correlations were found between the similarity values among the sites and their geographic distances. Thirty-three bat species were recorded, accounting for 71% of the estimated species richness (Jackknife2). The three species that had the higher relative abundance values were Carollia perspicillata, Pteronotus parnellii and Phyllostomus hastatus, which together accounted for more than 50% of the captures. The frugivore functional group had the highest number of recorded species. A negative correlation was found between the geographic distances and the similarities among the Amazonian bat assemblages (r = -0.22; p = 0.014). Geographic distance could explain only 6% of the similarities among the analyzed assemblages, even though, the similarity found allowed them to be grouped by their distances. Besides, the MTP bat fauna is different from other Amazonian areas, which gives it a special role in the Amazonian bat conservation.

Formas Não Usuais para a Obtenção de Água por Alouatta guariba clamitans em Ambiente de Floresta com Araucária no Sul do Brasil

O bugio-ruivo (Alouatta guariba clamitans) é endêmico da Floresta Atlântica sensu lato, e encontra-se distribuído desde o sul do Rio Doce no Espírito Santo até o Rio Grande do Sul e norte da Argentina, ocupando várias fisionomias florestais como a Floresta Atlântica sensu strictu, a Floresta com Araucária e a Floresta Estacional Semidecidual (von Ihering, 1914; Cabrera, 1957; Hirsch et al., 1991; Gregorin, no prelo). Observações do comportamento de beber água por parte dos bugios (gênero Alouatta) são incomuns em animais de vida livre (Carpenter, 1934; Glander, 1978; Terborgh, 1983; Neville et al., 1988; Bonvicino, 1989; Bicca-Marques, 1992; Serio-Silva e Ricco-Gray, 2000; Almeida-Silva, 2004). Acredita-se que estes animais obtenham recursos hídricos diretamente de seu alimento, principalmente frutos e folhas novas (Glander, 1978; Milton, 1980; Bicca-Marques, 1992, 2003; Steinmetz, 2001). O objetivo deste trabalho foi registrar e descrever as diferentes formas observadas do comportamento de beber água em A. g. clamitans, fornecendo então informações sobre particularidades do comportamento do bugio-ruivo.

Small mammal community structure and vertical space use preferences in nonfragmented Atlantic Forest

Abstract Here we describe a small mammal community in nonfragmented Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil. A total of 146 individuals were live captured on the ground and in trees (total effort: 5600 trap-nights). Twelve species were identified by morphology, and identification of seven species was confirmed by DNA barcoding. Most species were terrestrial, with Euryoryzomys russatus being the most frequently captured, while the rodent Juliomys pictipes was semiarboreal and the marsupial Marmosa paraguayana was arboreal. With the capture of Trinomys iheringi, we extend the species distribution to the south. Species favored in disturbed environments as Oligoryzomys spp. and Akodon spp. were uncommon, and this small mammal community is typical of a well-conserved forest.