Ivan Deev

Opisthorchis felineus infection and cholangiocarcinoma in the Russian Federation: a review of medical statistics

Opisthorchis felineus (O. felineus) occurs in Western Siberia and many other parts of the Russian Federation (RF). The true extent of its distribution is not known. Chronic infection may lead to severe hepatobiliary morbidity. According to surgical and experimental reports, long-term infestation might significantly increase the risk for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). To date, no association between O. felineus infection and CCA has been demonstrated. The objective of this study was to review existing health data on the incidence of O. felineus infection and on the incidence of CCA in the RF. We reviewed the official medical statistics on reported O. felineus infection and CCA in 83 political/geographical units of the RF, covering the period January 2011-December 2013. Annual incidence data were obtained from Rospotrebnadzor and from official medical statistics. We calculated the average annual incidence of infection and cancer. The average annual incidence of O. felineus was 24.7±9.0 cases per 100,000 population. The highest incidence was observed in Khanty-Mansiysk district (599.7 cases per 100,000 population per year). In 27 geographical units, no O. felineus cases were reported. The incidence of liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancers was 4.8±0.2 cases per 100,000 population; the highest rate was reported in Sakha Republic and Tomsk Oblast (14.5 and 9.3 cases per 100,000 population), and the lowest in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (0.9 cases per 100,000 population). O. felineus incidence was not associated with the mean annual incidence of liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancers (r=0.20, p=0.07). This study documents the importance of opisthorchiasis in certain endemic areas and presents the best available data on associations between O. felineus infection and liver/intrahepatic bile duct cancers in RF. The findings support the need to implement a public health control programme against liver fluke infections and to increase the availability of anthelmintic treatment. Further studies are warranted to assess the contribution of opisthorchiasis to the CCA in RF.

Clinical characteristics of newborn with different birth weight (results of a multicenter cohort study)

This article is dedicated to analysis of clinical characteristics of children with different birth weight included in the multicenter cohort study of newborns. The study analyzed data 572 children who were stratified according to birth weight (normal, low, very low and extremely low body weight). As part of the protocol incorporating the patient’s visit was provided at the time of birth (visit 0), a retrospective collection of anamnestic data about the mother (Visit -1) and visit prospective study of children aged 12 months (Visit 1). As a result of the analysis, it was found that the increase in frequency of operative delivery, and reduction of Apgar score and the presence of the studied pathological conditions, to the greatest extent, common in children who had birth weight of less than 1500 in this case. The probability of a combination of 3 or more conditions (described in this paper), in the case of a child with an extremely low birth weight was higher in the 44-fold (OR = 44.52; CI95% 15,5-127,5), while when the newborn had very low birth weight - a chance of development was significantly higher only in the 7-fold (OR = 7.12; CI95% 2,4-20,9) compared with children who had a low birth weight. In this regard, there is a need not only to the use of modern technologies nursing of low birth weight infants, but also provide preventive care in a group of women with a high degree of perinatal risk and risk of preterm delivery, allowing prolong pregnancy up to 32 weeks and/or weight of the fruit body of more than 1000 g, which can improve the survival rates of patients and the prevention of premature severe disabling conditions in the future.