Ivan Dunđer

Human Evaluation of Online Machine Translation Services for English/Russian-Croatian

This paper presents results of human evaluation of machine translated texts for one non closely-related language pair, English-Croatian, and for one closely-related language pair, Russian-Croatian. 400 sentences from the domain of tourist guides were analysed, i.e. 100 sentences for each language pair and for two online machine translation services, Google Translate and Yandex.Translate. Human evaluation is made with regard to the criteria of fluency and adequacy. In order to measure internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha is calculated. Error analysis is made for several categories: untranslated/omitted words, surplus words, morphological errors/wrong word endings, lexical errors/wrong translations, syntactic errors/wrong word order and punctuation errors. At the end of this paper, conclusions and suggestions for further research are given.

Patterns-based Information Systems Organization

The socio-technical systems research paradigm is about the complexity of real situations. It confronts us with the quest for variables that could provide us with insight into the behavior of such systems. Their behavior emerges according to internal system properties and adaptation of the system to external conditions. In our view, behavioral patterns are one of those particular variables since machines can recognize them and their dynamics. Based on the synthesis of three different theoretical frameworks, this paper proposes a concept of patterns- based information system organization. The authors built the concept on the Deacon discussion of theory of information, Hofkirchner’s unified information theory and related system behavior, and Kelso’s explanation of pattern creation processes in self-organizing systems. All three researchers have included patterns in their theoretical proposal. According to this analysis of the existing theories and their synthesis, we conclude that in order to design machines that can automatically support new behavior, we have to analyze humans and machines as a complex whole with dynamic relationships and emerging patterns as a dependent variable of behavior. By developing this theoretical concept, we establish a departure point for future research and search for different variables that correlate with pattern formation.

Ontological heterogeneity as an obstacle for knowledge integration in the Semantic Web

Semanticki web, kao tehnoloska paradigma koja određuje pravce razvoja World Wide Weba, privukla je veliku i raznoliku zajednicu obrazovnih i istraživackih institucija, pa i poslovnih tvrtki, koje dijele zajednicko uvjerenje da ce semanticki web preoblikovati nacin kako World Wide Web funkcionira te kako se koristi. U radu je opisana revolucionarna ideja paradigme semantickog weba kao i njezini postulati koji se temelje na formalnoj logici i automatiziranom rasuđivanju. Navedeni su programski jezici i druge tehnologije koje omogucuju realizaciju semantickog weba. Također, naznaceni su najvažniji alati za prakticnu implementaciju semantickog weba. Analizirani su glavni izazovi koji sprecavaju potpunu realizaciju paradigme semantickog weba.

Scientific Conferences as a Medium of Academic Communication – a Case of INFuture

Scientific conferences provide opportunities for both formal and informal communication of academic insights among conference participants and make possible the sharing of those insights with the wider academic community as well as the wider public through the publication of conference papers in both print and digital form, and owing to all this they may be considered a significant medium of academic communication. Every system of communication consists of three basic elements: source of information, information user(s) and mediums or channels used for disseminating information. We analysed the system of academic communication using this basic structure, where we approached scientific conferences as a medium used for the dissemination of information. However, it is important to emphasise that in this basic scheme researchers represent the source of information and information users at the same time. Our analysis of academic communication includes both the dissemination and assimilation of scientific information taking place at conferences. Standard forms of activity and interaction at scientific conferences, ranging from oral communication during the giving of presentations, through written communication involved in the publication of papers as part of conference proceedings to one’s very presence at a conference, should carefully be evaluated in terms of their effectiveness as mediums of academic communication. We will present the results of our preliminary research through demonstrating correlations between the number of authors and number of papers presented at previous INFuture conferences, classifying authors by country, co-authorship, etc., and thus provide an introduction into a more detailed research into the communication space created as a result of scientific conferences and the role of that space in the communication within a particular academic community. A more extensive research project will include scientometric and bibliometric analyses, interviews and comparative analyses that should provide us with insights into the significance of conferences as a medium of academic communication and their impact on the academic community.