Ivan Guerra Machado

Novos paradigmas para especificação de juntas soldadas

The paramount aim of Welding Technology is the specification of the joint that will be produced. This includes its dimensioning, as well as the suitability of many factors, such as toughness and other mechanical and metallurgical properties, the environment in which it is, besides its fitness for purpose. However, additionally there is a new world-wide trend ―through Codes, standards etc.― in to consider the welded joint specification as a result of complex interactions among the metallurgical phenomena, the aspects related to connections mechanisms and the mechanical behaviour of all materials involved. In despite of in this paper we consider structural steels as base metals, absolutely there is not lack of generality and with this relatively new outlook, it is expected that profound changes will occur in the level and quality of the information usually accessible to welding engineers and designers of welded structures. Therefore, aiming to caution those professionals to the new paradigms, we will pose questions related to the design of welded structures (or produced by brazing), mainly under the point of view of the support that the welding engineer can offer to the designer.

Falhas de estruturas de aço soldadas devido a reduzida ductilidade

The main purpose of this paper is to show for the designers and welding engineers, that in a welded structural steel structure ductility has equivalent or even bigger importance than strength or stiffness. However, the required high level for ductility cannot be only for base and weld metals. The analysis must be comprehensive, involving all components and also the whole structure.

Influência da Vazão e Geometria da Região de Entrada Sobre a Eficiência Térmica Medida por um Calorímetro de Fluxo Contínuo de Água

The main aim of the present work is to analyze the influence of water flow rate and inlet geometry on the arc thermal efficiency of a continuous water flow calorimeter. The experimental procedure consists of varying water flow rate and testing three different calorimeter inlet seal geometries: straight seal, conical diffuser seal and seal with water flux obstacle. The experiments were designed and the results evaluated based in a one-factor statistical analysis of variance, in this case the inlet calorimeter water flow. The welding beads were deposited on low carbon steel pipes by Gas Metal Arc Welding – GMAW process, using the same parameters and welding time. The highest average thermal efficiency is 80.5% to water flow of 4 l/min, with a low statistical error, using the conical diffuser seal inlet geometry, whereas for smaller or higher flow rates the measured efficiency values were lower. The inlet with straight seal model shown all the arc thermal efficiency values with slightly lower numerical values compared with conical diffuser, while the seal with flux obstacle exhibited high statistical error.

Efeitos da Energia de Soldagem e Consumível sobre a Resistência à Flexão Simples de Juntas Soldadas em Perfis Tubulares de Aço TMCP

The introduction of steels made by thermomechanical controlled processing (TMCP) demanded higher mechanical and metallurgical properties of the welded joints produced on them. Given these factors, the heat input is strictly limited, and to avoid any reduction in the mechanical strength of the heat affected zone (HAZ), it is required to test welding procedures close to those that will be used in the actual structure. Therefore, the aim of this study is to obtain detailed data on the mechanical efficiency of welded joints by GMAW process and different heat inputs, on square tubular profiles in TMCP steel, disposed as a column/beam weldment. So, six different heat inputs and two filler metals were used (AWS ER80S-G and AWS ER120S-G), with welds located around the profile contour. The twelve welded structures were instrumented and subjected to simple bending. Comparing welded joints produced with same heat input, and despite similar effects on the heat affected zone (HAZ), those made with consumable AWS ER120S-G have shown higher mechanical strength.

Efeitos da Taxa de Resfriamento na Soldagem do Aço API 5L-X80

One of the main reasons for the development of the API 5L-X80 steel was its utilization in Polar Areas where a relatively high toughness in low temperatures is needed. The present work aimed at studying the welding cooling rate effects on the mechanical and metallurgical properties of this type of steel. These various cooling rates also simulate various heat input’s. These different cooling rates were obtained through five distinct pre-heatings. The interpass temperature was the same of the pre-heating temperature presented by each one of the double V joints with root face; being the robotics weldings itself performed through gas metal arc welding (GMAW), using solid wire with matching mechanical resistance, and as a shielding gas a mixture of 75% Ar and 25% CO2. In order to analyze the welded joints, light microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were utilized, as well as mechanical tests, such as tension, bending, impact (Charpy-V) and hardness (Vickers). The results of such mechanical tests were satisfactory and suitable correlated with the metallurgical analyses. The joint presented a high Charpy-V impact resistance in testing temperatures up to –40 °C.

Nova tocha de plasma híbrida para o processamento de materiais

The main aim of this paper was to present a new device for materials processing. It consist of a hybrid plasma torch which is characterized by the simultaneous formation of two plasma arcs in one device only, generating a (plasma) jet with high energy density. The torch was submitted to the following trials: of operation to identify possible design problems and its operational torch limits; of characterization, consisting in plasma jet length determination; and of viability for materials processing (welding and cutting). Based on these initial trials, some electrical and thermal insulation problems were found and solved. Concerning the results of the characterization trials, the hybrid plasma torch parameters had a significant influence over the plasma jet length. The results obtained in the materials processing trials were satisfactory, i.e., it is possible to carry out welding and cutting with this hybrid plasma torch.