Ivan Komar

Sea Transport Air Pollution

The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of the air pollution generated by diesel engines of the ocean-going ships and the technologies as well as methodologies available to reduce these emissions. This chapter begins with general significant information of the air pollutant emission from ships followed by a summary of the International Maritime Organi‐ zation (IMO) regulatory MARPOL Annex VI being developed to control marine shipping emissions as well as information on the various types of the ocean-going ships and their prime movers with particular emphasis on marine diesel engines as sources of air pollution from ships. For better understanding of the formation of air pollutants from marine diesel engines, authors gave a brief overview of the working principles of marine diesel engines as well as their combustion process and chemistry of the pollutant formation during that process. Finally, the chapter concludes with an analysis of several control methods that can effectively reduce harmful pollutant emissions from marine diesel engines.

Methodology Analysis Using Exploitation Reliability with the use of the RTOP Main Diesel Engine

As part of the research on high speed radial diesel engines, an analysis had been conducted on the use of the operating systems of the missile boats and comparison of the results with the manufacturer’s recommendations. A graphic model had been set up (block – diagram) on high speed radial ship diesel engine. On the basis of research and empirical data collected on defects which cause the inability to use the engine, the total exploitation reliability of complex technical system and the statistical characteristics of the life of the system had been defined, starting from the assumption that the life of the technical system tested belongs to the Weibull distribution. Research results had been achieved by means of the simulation method (the simulation model) and then were tested with the use of the contemporary computer applications. By defining the levels of operational capability, the levels of reliability had eventually been set up and they need to be ensured through modified maintenance procedures so that the investigated technical system could meet the required criteria. In the research of new samples, the needed intervals of preventive replacement of critical system parts will be determined so that the demanded reliability would be ensured.

Environmental Friendly Ship Propulsion System: Case of Aft Stern Tube Bearing

Environmental protection is finally an important issue and, due to previous sea contaminations and for economic reasons, merchant fleets are paying more attention to materials selection and to ship design. Taking into consideration that the propulsion system lubrication, whether oil or water, and the consequent lubricant leakage into sea is a critical problem, the present study examines the practicability and the benefits of implementing water lubricated polymer stern tube bearings instead of conventional white metal bearings lubricated by oil. The investigation method is related to a numerical model and a software application based on finite difference method and isoviscous model. Results, based upon data collected from two different types of actual vessels in service, have shown that power loss in polymer bearings is at least 6 times less than in conventional white metal ones indicating that polymer journal bearings are more energy efficient and environmental friendly.

Marine diesel engine governor identification

Abstract The paper deals with marine diesel engine governor identification in normal and faulty operating conditions, using simulation method within real ships propulsion plant simulator Kongsberg ERS-L11 MAN B&W-5L90MC-VLCC Version MC90-IV. Most of marine diesel engine speed controllers developed use the PID control algorithm. PID controller parameters values: gain, integral and derivate constant, are set according to the nature and dynamic characteristics of the controlled process. These values determine the system response quality, i.e. control system quality. Determination of engine governor faults effects on system behavior and system stability was of special interest in this work.

SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION AS A SECONDARY METHOD TO REMOVE NOx FROM DIESEL ENGINE EXHAUST GAS

Abstract The exhaust emissions from large marine diesel engines on ocean going vessels contains among other pollutants a significant amount of Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) wich are the main byproduct of combustion and they contribute to acid rain as well as the formation of harmful ground-level ozone and photochemical smog. The manufacturers of the marine vessel engines and the shipbuilders have responded to the demands to reduce vessel emissions by improving the operation of the engines and by incorporating emissions control technologies in the design of new vessels. Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR), fuel emulsions, water injection systems and a number of engine modifications are a sample of the technologies being employed. The challenge is to control NOx emissions without increasing fuel consumption and smoke. An SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) unit is an effective means of conditioning the exhaust gas after the combustion process for reducing NOx already formed in the combustion process. The process essentially involves injecting ammonia in the exhaust stream and in the presence of a catalyst the NOx reacts with the ammonia and forms water vapor and nitrogen This paper describes method to remove nitrogen oxides from exhaust gas of the slow speed marine diesel propulsion engine B&W-5L90MC using selective catalytic reduction (SCR). The efficiency of the SCR system was tested on engine room full mission simulator Kongsberg ERS-L11 MAN B&W-5L90MC—VLCC Version MC90-IV which is installed on Faculty of Maritime studies in Split. The results are illustrated by figures and graphs which shows a 95% NOx reduction in exhaust gas afer has been treated trought SCR reactor.