Ivan Valadão Rosa

Surtos de botulismo em bovinos no Brasil associados à ingestão de água contaminada

Botulism in cattle occurs by ingestion of botulinum toxin C and/or D. Seven outbreaks of the poisoning in the states of Mato Grosso do Sul and Sao Paulo are reported. The clinical and pathological data, epidemiology and laboratory findings indicate a possible intake of the toxin through contaminated water. The average mortality rate was 20.1%, with 99.2% lethality and 31.62% morbidity. From about 9,000 cattle envolved in the outbreaks, 2,844 animals died, predominantly with a hyperacute and acute clinical picture. The high morbidity rates were observed within a short period and affected all categories of cattle, with a clinical and pathological picture characterized by paresis and paralysis of the muscles of locomotion, swallowing and mastigation, with abscence of gross lesions at post-mortem examination. The outbreaks were related to the presence of decomposed animal carcasses or vegetal material in the drinking water. Botulinum toxins C and/or D were detected in water samples, viscera and blood serum of a considerable number of materials examined.

Efeito do fósforo suplementar sobre o desempenho reprodutivo de vacas de corte em pastagem de Brachiaria humidicola

The objective of this experiment was to observe and quantify the effect of two mineral mixtures, as free-choice feeding, one without (M) and other with phosphorus supplement (MP), on the productive and reproductive performance of Nellore beef cows grazing Brachiaria humidicola. This work was conducted at the Fazenda Modelo (Embrapa-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Gado de Corte), located in Terenos, MS, Brazil, in two phases, 1st from 1988/92 and 2nd from 1992/94. During the 2nd phase, stocking rate, for the dry period, and suckling days were reduced (from 1.0 to 0.5 cows/ha and 210 to 90 days, respectively). Mineral intake (M = 76 and MP = 112 g/had/day), forage phosphorus level (wet season = 0.16%; dry season = 0.11%), liveweight (1st phase: M = 363± 3.3 and MP = 371± 3.8 kg; 2nd phase: M = 407± 5.7 and MP = 417± 6.5 kg), birth percentage (1st phase: M = 67± 3.3 and MP = 66± 3.5; 2nd phase: M = 75± 6.3 and MP = 80± 5.7) and weaning of calves (1st phase: M = 86± 5.0 and MP = 91± 5.3; 2nd phase: M = 55± 6.4 and MP = 67±5.7) were measured. Beef cattle is not responsive to P supplementation.

Use of bone, plasma and feces in the assessment of P status in cattle

Quinze novilhos Nelore foram distribuidos em tres tratamentos, consistindo de dieta basal capaz de proporcionar ganhos da ordem de 600 g/dia, suplementada (15 ou 11 g P/dia) ou nao (5 g P/dia) com fosfato monoamonico, para determinar as alteracoes provocadas por deficiencia de P em parâmetros osseos, sanguineos e fecais. Biopsias de costela foram obtidas aos 60 e 250 dias de experimentacao. Amostras de plasma foram coletadas quinzenalmente e amostras de fezes retais, analisadas em sete ocasioes, durante os 250 dias do experimento. Coleta total (diaria) de fezes foi feita em dois periodos, aos 60 e 243 dias, durante sete dias. Aos 60 dias, P expresso em relacao ao osso fresco, osso seco e desengordurado e ao volume de osso discriminaram entre os tratamentos. Aos 250 dias, a espessura da camada cortical e as concentracoes de cinzas e fosforo foram reduzidas na deficiencia de P. Observou-se queda na concentracao de fosforo inorgânico plasmatico (Pi), ja aos 12 dias de experimentacao, apresentando valores em torno de 3,0 mg % na epoca em que ganho de peso foi afetado (82 dias). Foi observada elevacao do Ca e da fosfatase alcalina na deficiencia de P, sem alteracoes na concentracao de hidroxiprolina do plasma. As concentracoes de P nas fezes aumentaram com a concentracao do elemento na dieta, mas a utilizacao de amostras coletadas do reto nao propiciou deteccao precoce de deficiencia de P. A definicao de niveis criticos para a determinacao de deficiencia apresentou problemas.

Avaliação de níveis de fósforo na dieta de novilhos Nelore em crescimento: efeitos no desempenho

The adequacy of the recommendation of phosphorus for growing Nellore steers was evaluated by means of the weight gain, feed intake and feed:gain ratio during 250 days. Fifteen steers were fed a basal P-deficient but otherwise adequate in the other nutrients, enabling gains of 500 g/day. The diet was supplemented (treatment 1 = 15 g P/day, treatment 2 = 11 g P/day) or not (treatment 3 = 5 g P/day) with monoammonium phosphate. Phosphorus deficiency did not affect organic matter in vivo digestibilities determined at 60 days and at the end of the experiment, nor dry matter digestibility at the end of the experiment. Average dry matter intakes were 5.56, 5.28 and 3.69 kg/day, for treatments 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Feed intake, weight gain and feed:gain ratio were reduced by phosphorus deficiency. Steers fed 11 g of P/day gained 500-600 g/day without signs of deficiency.

Estudos histológico-morfométricos e microrradiográficos de costelas de bovinos suplementados com fosfato de rocha

The present study was conducted to evaluate possible bone changes in cattle due to the ingestion of different levels of fluorine from rock phosphate used as a phophorus supplement. The bone material studied were ribs collected from cattle of three experiments where Tapira rock phosphate was used at different levels and during different periods as a partial or sole source of supplementary phosphorus. In the first experiment feedlot cattle ingested during a 6 month period 63 and 128g/day of Tapira rock phosphate containing 1.3% fluorine. In the second experiment cattle maintained in Brachiaria decumbens pastures during 33 months ingested several levels of Tapira rock phosphate in the mineral mixtures. In the third experiment heifers averaging 14 months of age ingested a mineral supplement with Tapira rock phosphate until the 5th lactation period. Careful examination of the rib samples by histological, morphometric and microradiographic techniques revealed no abnormalities which could be related to fluorine ingestion, neither any differences among tretaments regarding the bone structure. These findings support the conclusion that, as far as bone alterations are concerned, Tapira rock phosphate could be used as a source of phosphorus for cattle under the conditions described in the experiments, a practice which would markedly reduce the cost of phosphorus supplementation.

SÔBRE A AUSÊNCIA DE FATÔRES BOCIGENOS NO ÓLEO DE SOJA PRODUZIDO PARA FINS CULINÁRIOS

Various organic solvents were experimented for the screening out of the natural activities of Chara schweinitzii and crude ethanolic extracts. In vitro potential like antifungal activities, antibacterial activities, insecticidal activities and some extracts (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and ethanol) were tested into the experiment. The results of our study showed some major response and vital antifungal activity by the C. schweinitzii for the tested fungal species. Disc diffusion and agar well diffusion method was used to test the extract. The experiment was observed, where methanol extracts were inhibited the growth of the used bacteria. Completed tests of C. schweinitzii were carefully inspected against the resulted bacterial strains. The impregnated filter paper method process was used for investigation of the insecticidal potential of the algal extracts. The scope of our study is to understand the importance to natural resources (bioactive compounds) for pharmaceutical industry as well as our study is based on the premier findings in Nisatta region, district Charsadda.