Ivan Zh. Stefanov

PHASES OF 4D SCALAR–TENSOR BLACK HOLES COUPLED TO BORN–INFELD NONLINEAR ELECTRODYNAMICS

Recent results show that when nonlinear electrodynamics is considered, the no-scalar-hair theorems in the scalar–tensor theories (STT) of gravity, which are valid for the cases of neutral black holes and charged black holes in the Maxwell electrodynamics, can be circumvented.1,2 What is even more, in the present work, we find new non-unique, numerical solutions describing charged black holes coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics in a special class of scalar–tensor theories. One of the phases has a trivial scalar field and coincides with the corresponding solution in General Relativity. The other phases that we find are characterized by the value of the scalar field charge. The causal structure and some aspects of the stability of the solutions have also been studied. For the scalar–tensor theories considered, the black holes have a single, non-degenerate horizon, i.e. their causal structure resembles that of the Schwarzschild black hole. The thermodynamic analysis of the stability of the solutions indicates that a phase transition may occur.

Connection between Black-Hole Quasinormal Modes and Lensing in the Strong Deflection Limit

The purpose of the current Letter is to give some relations between gravitational lensing in the strong-deflection limit and the frequencies of the quasinormal modes of spherically symmetric, asymptotically flat black holes. On the one side, the relations obtained can give a physical interpretation of the strong-deflection limit parameters. On the other side, they also give an alternative method for the measurement of the frequencies of the quasinormal modes of spherically symmetric, asymptotically flat black holes. They could be applied to the localization of the sources of gravitational waves and could tell us what frequencies of the gravitational waves we could expect from a black hole acting simultaneously as a gravitational lens and a source of gravitational waves.

SCALAR–TENSOR BLACK HOLES COUPLED TO EULER–HEISENBERG NONLINEAR ELECTRODYNAMICS

The no-scalar-hair conjecture rules out the existence of asymptotically flat black holes with a scalar dressing for a large class of theories. No-scalar-hair theorems have been proved for the cases of neutral black holes and for charged black holes in the Maxwell electrodynamics. These theorems, however, do not apply in the case of nonlinear electrodynamics. In the present work numerical solutions describing charged black holes coupled to Euler–Heisenberg type nonlinear electrodynamics in scalar–tensor theories of gravity with massless scalar field are found. In comparison to the corresponding solution in General Relativity the presented solution has a simpler causal structure the reason for which is the presence of the scalar field. The present class of black holes has a single, nondegenerate horizon, i.e. its causal structure resembles that of the Schwarzschild black hole.

Charged anti–de Sitter scalar-tensor black holes and their thermodynamic phase structure

In the present paper we numerically construct new charged anti-de Sitter black holes coupled to nonlinear Born-Infeld electrodynamics within a certain class of scalar-tensor theories. The properties of the solutions are investigated both numerically and analytically. We also study the thermodynamics of the black holes in the canonical ensemble. For large values of the Born-Infeld parameter and for a certain interval of the charge values we find the existence of a first-order phase transition between small and very large black holes. An unexpected result is that for a certain small charge subinterval two phase transitions have been observed, one of zeroth and one of first order. It is important to note that such phase transitions are also observed for pure Einstein-Born-Infeld-AdS black holes.

Quasinormal modes, bifurcations, and nonuniqueness of charged scalar-tensor black holes

In the present paper, we study the scalar sector of the quasinormal modes of charged general relativistic, static, and spherically symmetric black holes coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics and embedded in a class of scalar-tensor theories. We find that for a certain domain of the parametric space, there exists unstable quasinormal modes. The presence of instabilities implies the existence of scalar-tensor black holes with primary hair that bifurcate from the embedded general relativistic black-hole solutions at critical values of the parameters corresponding to the static zero modes. We prove that such scalar-tensor black holes really exist by solving the full system of scalar-tensor field equations for the static, spherically symmetric case. The obtained solutions for the hairy black holes are nonunique, and they are in one-to-one correspondence with the bounded states of the potential governing the linear perturbations of the scalar field. The stability of the nonunique hairy black holes is also examined, and we find that the solutions for which the scalar field has zeros are unstable against radial perturbations. The paper ends with a discussion of possible formulations of a new classification conjecture.

Confronting models for the high-frequency QPOs with Lense–Thirring precession

Quasiperiodic oscillations (QPOs) have been observed in the power-density spectra of some low-mass X-ray binaries(LMXB) containing a black hole. The two major groups of QPOs -- low-frequency and high-frequency -- have rather different properties. That is why they are usually studied separately. In the literature one can find a large number of models for the high-frequency QPOs but not so many for the low-frequency ones. HF QPOs have attracted significant research efforts due to their potential to provide indispensable information for the properties of the black hole, for its accretion disc and for strong field gravity in general. However, in order to interpret the data for the HF QPOs of the observed objects we have to fix a model. Here we propose a simple test which could allow us to sift the models. The test is based on five rather general assumptions concerning the nature of the central object in black-hole binaries and the mechanism for the generation of the LF QPOs observed in the PDS of such objects. In other words we combine facts that we know about the LF and the HF QPOs of several objects and search for conflicts. As a result we single out a model for the HF QPOs -- the 3:2 nolinear resonance model. As a byproduct of this study we propose loose constraints on the mass of the LMXB H 1743-322.

Time Evolution of the Radial Perturbations and Linear Stability of Solitons and Black Holes in a Generalized Skyrme Model

We study the time evolution of the radial perturbation for self-gravitating soliton and black-hole solutions in a generalized Skyrme model in which a dilaton is present. The background solutions were obtained recently by some of the authors. For both the solitons and the black holes two branches of solutions exist which merge at some critical value of the corresponding parameter. The results show that, similar to the case without a scalar field, one of the branches is stable against radial perturbations and the other is unstable. The conclusions for the linear stability of the black holes in the generalized Skyrme model are also in agreement with the results from the thermodynamical stability analysis based on the turning point method.

Solitons and black holes in a generalized Skyrme model with dilaton-quarkonium field

Skyrme theory is among the viable effective theories which emerge from the low-energy limit of quantum chromodynamics. Many of its generalizations include also a dilaton. Here we find new self-gravitating solutions, both solitons and black holes, in a generalized Skyrme model in which a dilaton is present. The investigation of the properties of the solutions is done numerically. We find that the introduction of the dilaton in the theory does not change the picture qualitatively, only quantitatively. The model considered here has one free parameter more than the Einstein-Skyrme model which comes from the potential of the dilaton. We have applied also the turning point method to establish that one of the black-hole branches of solutions is unstable. The turning point method here is based on the first law of black-hole thermodynamics a detailed derivation of which is given in the Appendix of the paper.

Optical waveguiding by necklace and azimuthon beams in nonlinear media

Nonlinear necklace and azimuthon beams were experimentally generated in a self-focusing bulk photorefractive nonlinear medium (crystal SBN:60) using a frequency-doubled Nd:YVO4 laser at 532 nm. The parallel optical waveguides induced by such a beam were probed by near-infrared signal beams emitted by a Ti:Sapphire laser. The quality and time stability of the guided sub-beams at the exit of the crystal were investigated. In view of the waveguides’ ordering along a ring, the best matching probe beams were found to be singly or doubly charged optical vortex bright rings. The results indicate the feasibility of parallel all-optical guiding of optical signals at wavelengths, for which the nonlinear medium is not photosensitive.

Density distribution function of a self-gravitating isothermal compressible turbulent fluid in the context of molecular clouds ensembles

We have set ourselves the task of obtaining the probability distribution function of the mass density of a self-gravitating isothermal compressible turbulent fluid from its physics. We have done this in the context of a new notion: the molecular clouds ensemble. We have applied a new approach that takes into account the fractal nature of the fluid. Using the medium equations, under the assumption of steady state, we show that the total energy per unit mass is an invariant with respect to the fractal scales. As a next step we obtain a nonlinear integral equation for the dimensionless scale Q which is the third root of the integral of the probability distribution function. It is solved approximately up to the leading-order term in the series expansion. We obtain two solutions. They are power-law distributions with different slopes: the first one is -1.5 at low densities, corresponding to a equilibrium between all energies at a given scale, and the second one is -2 at high densities, corresponding to a free fall at small scales.