Ivana Šagud

Photochemical approach to functionalized benzobicyclo(3.2.1)octene structures via fused oxazoline derivatives from 4- and 5-(o-vinylstyryl)oxazoles

Summary Novel cis/trans-4- and cis/trans-5-(2-vinylstyryl)oxazoles have been synthesized by Wittig reactions from the diphosphonium salt of α,α’-o-xylene dibromide, formaldehyde and 4- and 5-oxazolecarbaldehydes, respectively. In contrast, trans-5-(2-vinylstyryl)oxazole has been synthesized by the van Leusen reaction from trans-3-(2-vinylphenyl)acrylaldehyde which is prepared from o-vinylbenzaldehyde and (formylmethylene)triphenylphosphorane. The 4- and 5-(2-vinylstyryl)oxazoles afford, by photochemical intramolecular cycloaddition, diverse fused oxazoline-benzobicyclo[3.2.1]octadienes, which are identified and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The photoproducts formed are relatively unstable and spontaneously or on silica gel undergo oxazoline ring opening followed by formation of formiato- or formamido-benzobicyclo[3.2.1]octenone derivatives. On irradiation of 4-(2-vinylstyryl)oxazole small quantities of electrocyclization product, 4-(1,2-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)oxazole, are isolated and spectroscopically characterized.

Identification of Degradation Products of Praziquantel during the Mechanochemical Activation

Graphical abstract Figure. No caption available. HighlightsPraziquantel, BCS II class drug, is mechanochemically activated in vibrational mill.Cogrinding process with povidone and crospovidone gives several degradation products.Degradation products depend on the polymer type rather than the process conditions.Two of the main degradation products are identified.Structure are proposed on the basis of GC–MS, UPLC‐MS and 1H NMR. ABSTRACT Praziquantel (PZQ) is an inexpensive, low toxicity BCS II class anthelmintic drug used for the treatment of neglected tropical diseases. In earlier papers a mechanochemical activation has been used to induce physical transformations on the drug which would ameliorate its solubility and hence its bioavailability and a systematic study of the effects of varying temperature, frequency and time of milling on drug melting enthalpy and drug recovery was given. In this communication, the focus is on the degradation products that are formed during this mechanical treatment of Praziquantel. In the cogrinding process with povidone and crospovidone several degradation products are formed. Different degradation products are formed, which depend on the type of polymer rather than the process conditions. Two of the most prominent degradation products were identified and their structure proposed on the basis of information obtained from GC–MS, UPLC‐MS and 1H NMR techniques.