Ivo Padovan

New possibilities of analysis in electronystagmography.

The authors have introduced vectonystagmo-graphy for the computer analysis of electronystagmo-grams. The ψ angle determining the direction of the rapid eye movements and the

Effect of interferon in therapy of skin and head and neck tumors

angle between the first and the second, and between the first and the third channels have been measured. The variables have been defined. A programme has been prepared where the output data give information on each individual nystagmic movement and on total values. A detailed description of data collection and programming is given, plus examples of three-channel vecto-nystagmographic recording.

Treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Interferon

SummaryThe clinical experimental model of HLI application in the therapy of skin and mucosal cancers of the head and neck has opened new prospects in HLI utilization. Based on clinical observations and research in may be concluded that HLI, if applied topically in the area of the tumor, may induced its disappearance or regression. If applied presurgically, it blocks the dispersion of neocytes during surgery. Also, HLI inhibits metastatic dissemination of malignant tumors and therefore might reduce the percentage of patients with recurrence, decreasing the chance of survival of any other primary tumor.

Reliability of aspiration biopsy in thyroid nodes: study of 2190 operated patients.

ABSTRACT: Human natural leukocytic interferon and recombinant HulFN alpha 2c can be used in the therapy of squamous cell carcinoma. The duration of treatment was 3‐6 weeks. A single dose was 400,000‐5,000,000 units given weekly for 3‐6 weeks. Clinically and histologically 19 of 32 patients were cured and tumor cells were not found in the material taken after interferon treatment for the second biopsy. In ten patients tumor size was reduced 25‐90%, and in three patients tumor size was not reduced according to clinical findings. With recombinant HulFN alpha 2c therapy given 5 times per week for 4 weeks. Four of ten patients with similar tumors were cured clinically and histologically clinical findings. In five patients tumor size was reduced 25–90%, while in one patient there was no reduction in tumor size. Both types of interferons are effective in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma. Side reactions were mild.

LOCAL INTERFERON THERAPY FOR MELANOMA PATIENTS

The cytologic finding was negative in 1841 patients; accurate in 1763 (95.8 %). Suspicious cytology proved malignant in 82 of 252 patients (32.5 %). Positive cytology was accurate in 88 out of 97 cases (90.7 %). In 1942 benign goiters, cytology was accurate in 90.8 % of patients, false suspicious in 8.7 % and false positive in 0.5 %; the highest percentage of misdiagnosis was in adenomas (15.8 %) and thyroiditis (19.0 %). In 248 malignant goiters, cytology was accurate in 35.5 % of patients, suspicious in 33.1 %, and false negative in 31.4 %. False-negative cytology was found in 44 % of follicular cancers, 22.2 % of papillary and medullary, and 12.9 % anaplastic. The most frequent false-negative cytologic diagnosis was the adenomatous goiter. The accuracy of cytology was statistically higher in papillary cancers than in follicular (77.8 % vs 56.0 %), in undifferentiated tumors than in differentiated (83.7 % vs 65.0 %), and in adenomatous nontoxic goiters than in adenomas, thyroiditis and toxic goiters (80.3 % vs 42.7 %), 20.1 % and 13.4 %). Positive preoperative fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology is a worthwhile and reliable finding; it fails in less than 10 % of patients. Negative cytology, however, does not exclude malignancy in thyroid nodes; it is false negative in more than 30 % of cancers.

Basal Cell Carcinoma Treated with Interferon

Background. Melanoma, once considered a rare form of cancer, is increasing in incidence throughout the world. The prognosis of malignant melanoma is inversely related to the depth of tumor invasion.

Three derivations in electronystagmography.

Abstract: Human natural leukocytic interferon (HNLI) and re‐combinant interferon (rIFN) alpha 2c can be used in the therapy of basal cell carcinoma. Seventy‐two patients were treated for 3 to 6 weeks with a single dose of 400,000 to 1,200,000 units (HNLI) and 2,000,000 to 5,000,000 units (rIFN alpha 2c). According to histopathologic and clinical findings, 52 patients were cured, and cancer cells were not found in the biopsy material taken after HNLI treatment for the second biopsy. In nine of 72 patients the cancer lesion was reduced 25% to 90%. In 11 patients it was not reduced or was reduced less than 25%. With rIFN alpha 2c therapy given five times per week for 4 weeks, histopathologic and clinical findings showed that five patients out of 12 were cured, and cancer cells were not found in the biopsy material taken after treatment. In seven patients out of 12 the cancer lesion was reduced 25% to 90%. Both types of interferons are effective in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma. Side effects were mild.

Functional evaluation after partial resection in patients with carcinoma of the larynx

In order to be able to detect in the simplest possible manner and in part also to analyse the changed direction of nystagmus, three derivations for recording nystagmus have been introduced. Three bipolar leads are connected to three electrodes. The magnitude of the electric effect in one derivation is directly proportional to the corneoretinal potential; in the second inversely proportional to the square of distance of the lead points from the rotating dipole; both are corrected by calibration. The third magnitude of the electric effect is in direct proportion to the cosine of the deflection angle which exists between the rotating dipole and the line of derivation. It is thus possible to mark in an isoceles for each derivation the amplitude of the deflection of the eye from the central point.

Frequency Following Response Evoked by Vibratory Stimuli in Profoundly Deaf Subjects

This paper presents the results of conservative operations on patients with laryngeal carcinoma in the ENT Department of the University Hospital “Dr. Mladen Stojanovic,” Zagreb, Yugoslavia, during the last 20 years. The authors have evaluated the functional results after partial vertical and horizontal surgical interventions on the larynx and after the reconstruction of the larynx following these operations. Functional analysis of the voice was performed by stroboscopic, indirect microlaryngostroboscopic and sonagraphic examinations of the laryngeal function, as well as by the spirometric analysis of the respiratory potential of these patients, especially the degree of obstruction of the upper respiratory tract and changes on the cardiovascular system. Attention has been given likewise to the examination of the act of swallowing, especially after horizontal partial resections of the larynx. Radiography and radiocinematography was used for these examinations. Based on this research the authors have formulated new conceptions and opinions about the voice generator.

Electronystagmography in the Pathology of the Central Nervous System

A vibratory stimulus at a frequency of about 100 Hz was transmitted through a bone conductor on the mastoid in 26 profoundly deaf subjects. In all of them, the function of the vestibular apparatus was tested by means of the Fitzgerald-Hallpike caloric test. In some of the deaf subjects, evoked potentials were recorded, which following the frequency of the stimulus and which according to amplitude and latency characteristics, corresponded to the frequency following response (FFR). A close correlation was found between the normal function of the vestibular apparatus and the appearance of FFR in deaf subjects. The possible receptors of the stimulus and the afferent pathways which generate the recorded response are discussed.