Ivo Papoušek

Morphometric and genetic analysis of Carassius auratus complex from an artificial wetland in Morava River floodplain, Czech Republic

A Carassius auratus complex from an artificial wetland in the Morava River basin is composed of triploid females. Based on body depth, sampled females could be divided into two groups: (i) high-dorsal (42.5% of standard length); and (ii) low-dorsal (36.1% of standard length). Both groups differed also in number of gill rakers (50.2 versus 45.4, respectively). In concordance with morphological differences, genetic analysis proved the existence of two haplotypes in examined individuals. The first haplotype is bound to the high-dorsal form with higher number of gill rakers. This is the most frequent haplotype in populations of the C. a gibelio form in the Czech Republic. The second haplotype is characteristic of the low-dorsal form with a lower number of gill rakers. This haplotype is close to haplotypes described in the C. a. langsdorfii form, which is known from Japan. and its occurrence within haplotypes specified in European territory is sporadic.

Does interspecies hybridization affect the host specificity of parasites in cyprinid fish

BackgroundHost specificity varies among parasite species. Some parasites are strictly host-specific, others show a specificity for congeneric or non-congeneric phylogenetically related host species, whilst some others are non-specific (generalists). Two cyprinids, Cyprinus carpio and Carassius gibelio, plus their respective hybrids were investigated for metazoan parasites. The aim of this study was to analyze whether interspecies hybridization affects host specificity. The different degrees of host specificity within a phylogenetic framework were taken into consideration (i.e. strict specialist, intermediate specialist, and intermediate generalist).MethodsFish were collected during harvesting the pond and identified using meristic traits and molecular markers. Metazoan parasite species were collected. Host specificity of parasites was determined using the following classification: strict specialist, intermediate specialist, intermediate generalist and generalist. Parasite species richness was compared between parental species and their hybrids. The effect of host species on abundance of parasites differing in host specificity was tested.ResultsHybrids harbored more different parasite species but their total parasite abundance was lower in comparison with parental species. Interspecies hybridization affected the host specificity of ecto- and endoparasites. Parasite species exhibiting different degrees of host specificity for C. carpio and C. gibelio were also present in hybrids. The abundance of strict specialists of C. carpio was significantly higher in parental species than in hybrids. Intermediate generalists parasitizing C. carpio and C. gibelio as two phylogenetically closely related host species preferentially infected C. gibelio when compared to C. carpio, based on prevalence and maximum intensity of infection. Hybrids were less infected by intermediate generalists when compared to C. gibelio.ConclusionsThis finding does not support strict co-adaptation between host and parasite genotypes resulting in narrow host specificity, and showed that hybrid genotypes are susceptible to parasites exhibiting host specificity. The immune mechanisms specific to parental species might represent potential mechanisms explaining the low abundance of parasites in C. gibelio x C. carpio hybrids.

Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 April 2012 - 31 May 2012: PERMANENT GENETIC RESOURCES NOTE

This article documents the addition of 123 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Brenthis ino, Cichla orinocensis, Cichla temensis, Epinephelus striatus, Gobio gobio, Liocarcinus depurator, Macrolophus pygmaeus, Monilinia vaccinii‐corymbosi, Pelochelys cantorii, Philotrypesis josephi, Romanogobio vladykovi, Takydromus luyeanus and Takydromus viridipunctatus. These loci were cross‐tested on the following species: Cichla intermedia, Cichla ocellaris, Cichla pinima, Epinephelus acanthistius, Gobio carpathicus, Gobio obtusirostris, Gobio sp. 1, Gobio volgensis, Macrolophus costalis, Macrolophus melanotoma, Macrolophus pygmaeus, Romanogobio albipinnatus, Romanogobio banaticus, Romanogobio belingi, Romanogobio kesslerii, Romanogobio parvus, Romanogobio pentatrichus, Romanogobio uranoscopus, Takydromus formosanus, Takydromus hsuehshanesis and Takydromus stejnegeri.

The epidermal structure of Carassius gibelio: a link with ploidy status in spawning and postspawning periods.

A reduction of epidermal club cells and an increase of goblet cells were found in Carassius gibelio during spawning when compared to postspawning. A significantly lower proportion of club cells at spawning was found in diploid males and triploid females than in diploid females. It could be linked to male efforts to avoid a fright reaction and the potential adoption of this strategy by gynogenetic females, or alternatively to a higher parasite infection or immunosuppression during spawning.

The first record of a natural hybrid of the roach Rutilus rutilus and nase Chondrostoma nasus in the Danube River Basin, Czech Republic: morphological, karyological and molecular characteristics

Morphological (meristic and morphometric traits), karyological and molecular (microsatellites, cytochrome b) analyses were performed to characterize a hybrid of the roach Rutilus rutilus and nase Chondrostoma nasus. Meristic and morphometric traits were different between hybrid and both parental species. The number of chromosomes found in hybrid specimen indicated that this individual represents the post-F(1) generation of hybrids and the microsatellite analysis of the hybrid showed the presence of variants typical for R. rutilus and C. nasus.

The X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y multiple sex chromosome system in the Zingel zingel (Pisces: Perciformes) from the Morava River (Czech Republic)

Abstract The karyotype of Zingel zingel from the Morava River (Czech Republic) was analyzed. The diploid chromosome number was 2n=48 in females and 2n=47 in males, however, one large unpaired metacentric chromosome was present in males. This proves to be the X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y multiple sex chromosome system developed from the fusion of two sub- or acrocentric chromosomes where a sex chromosome Y was present as one of them.

Can spawning marks on females of the spined loach (Cobitis sp., Teleostei) be caused by scratches from males during mating?

Abstract. The skin histology from the Danubian spined loach Cobitis elongatoides disputes the notion that the spawning marks (lighter spots on the body sides of the females) are the result of physical damage to the epidermis by a male during spawning. Physiological changes that induce a specific local decrease in lateral pigmentation in some individuals appear to be a more likely source.

Molecular Biodiversity Inventory of the Ichthyofauna of the Czech Republic

V roce 2003 vznikl projekt na zmapovani a ochranu biodiverzity využivajici novou taxonomickou metodu „DNA barkoding“. Metoda založena na sekvenci mitochondrialniho markeru prvni podjednotky cytochrom c oxidazy (COI) prokazala vysokou užitecnost při inventarizaci biodiverzity sladkovodnich ryb CR. Take byl použit jaderný marker prvniho intronu S7 ribosomalniho proteinu (RP1), aby bylo možne identifikovat připadne hybridy. Bylo analyzovano 67 ze 72 druhů, tj. 93,1 % ceske ichtyofauny. Odběr vzorků byl proveden na 106 lokalitach na zakladě třistupňoveho systemu. Vysoka haplotypova variabilita byla odhalena pro druh Barbatula barbatula, 27 jedinců/13 haplotypů a Phoxinus phoxinus, 25 jedinců / 10 haplotypů. Pro P. phoxinus byly pozorovany dvě linie; jedna zahrnovala jedince z řek spadajicich do umoři Severniho a Cerneho moře, druha jedince z Becvy a řek umoři Baltu. V připadě Squalius cephalus byly mezi 27 jedinci pozorovany ctyři haplotypy a vnitrodruhovou variabilitou 5,25 %, což by mohlo znamenat existenci samostatneho druhu. Take byly odhaleny dva druhy uhořů, jeden původni druh a druhý přivlecený z Ameriky. Ziskane informace přispěji k lepsimu monitorovani systemu NATURA 2000 a jako soucast databaze Barcode of Life přispěji ke komplexnimu chapani a porozuměni celosvětove biodiverzity.