Ivone Panhoca

Grupo terapêutico em fonoaudiologia: revisão de literatura

BACKGROUND: therapeutic Group in Speech Language and Hearing Sciences. PURPOSE: to review, systematically, researches stemming from all areas of speech therapy that involved group approaches, in Brazil. We conducted a search in LILACS and SciELO databases in the period from 2005 to 2010. We selected studies where the contents of the abstracts were related to the objective of this research. As a way of categorizing such data, we chose to analyze the following aspects: target audience, year of publication and area of Speech Language and Hearing Sciences. CONCLUSION: there are a limited number of publications concerning the topic (28 articles). Most studies were conducted with adult audiences, followed by groups of children, adolescents and elderly, respectively. The index of articles involving family groups was low. Among the areas of Speech, Language has the largest number of publications involving groups, followed by the areas of Speech and Audiology. As for the year of publication, we noted that, in general, there has been a decline in the number of publications on the subject since the year 2007. We may conclude then that the number of publications on the therapeutic group, is restricted, in the area of Speech Language and Hearing Sciences. We believe that in addition to new studies on the group practice, other revision works should assume the analysis of the categories, such as methodological issues, strategies and performance results obtained in the group-related therapeutic processes.

Correlation between the clinical phonoaudiological assessment and electromyographic activity of the masseter muscle

OBJECTIVE The objective of this paper was to evaluate the specificity of masseter muscle palpation when compared to its electromyographic activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-one young female adults, aged between 17 and 25, participated in this research. The speech therapy evaluation data were obtained by two speech therapists through masseter muscle palpation during isometric contraction, and the electromyographic exam was achieved by using bipolar superficial electrodes, positioned on the masseter muscle. The volunteers were instructed to chew the Parafilm M® material bilaterally and simultaneously. The capture of the electromiographic signals occurred during masseter muscle isometric contractions. The electrical activity study of the masticatory muscle was analyzed through the Root Mean Square value during its isotonic contraction. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS All data were then submitted to Kappa statistical analysis. RESULTS The results of this study have shown a low correlation between palpation and electromyography (25%), as well as between evaluators (40%). CONCLUSION According to the findings of the present study, it could be observed that the correlation between masseter muscle palpation and its electromyographic activity was very low, which allows to conclude that muscular palpation cannot effectively replace the eletromyographical exam, but complement it instead.

O brincar de uma criança autista sob a ótica da perspectiva histórico-cultural

Traditional perspectives consider that among the characteristics of autism is the inability or great difficulty these children have for engaging in play activities. However, assuming the historical-cultural perspective of human development - which conceives of subjects as social beings, culturally constituted in and through language - this statement is no longer sustainable, since play is a socially constituted activity. From this standpoint, this study aimed to analyze the peculiarities of play in a child with autism, immersed in rich experiences with other children, with toys and games. Data collection was carried out using video recordings of speech therapy sessions with a group of four autistic children. The focus was on one childs play activities (S1, four years). The recordings were transcribed and data was analyzed based on the microgenetic analysis perspective. The data showed that when autistic children experience positive social interactions, it is possible to develop play, imaginative processes and sequences of actions such as those observed in the groups social and cultural use of toys. We conclude that therapist intervention is critical during the interaction process, assigning meanings to the childs actions, enabling the possibility of constitution of cultural being and of interacting with others. This process helps build the basis for internalizations derived from playing with others. As observed, experiences outside the institution provided opportunities to play and develop during the process, albeit more slowly and more specifically.

História de vida de adolescentes autistas: contribuições para a Fonoaudiologia e a Pediatria

OBJETIVO: Analisar os processos dialogicos de seis adolescentes autistas, durante terapia fonoaudiologica a respeito de suas historias de vida, buscando subsidios para o pediatra e o fonoaudiologo trabalharem com a familia, a fim de impulsionar o desenvolvimento desses sujeitos. METODOS: A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir da videogravacao de duas sessoes fonoaudiologicas com seis sujeitos diagnosticados como transtorno global do desenvolvimento, sendo tres com transtorno autista e tres com Asperger. As gravacoes foram transcritas e os dados, separados em eixos tematicos. As analises foram respaldadas na perspectiva qualitativa de pesquisa, sob a otica da teoria historico-cultural e o paradigma indiciario. RESULTADOS: Obtiveram-se as seguintes categorias a partir da coleta dos dados: lazer, escolaridade, grupo social, fatos da infância, vivencias da adolescencia e interesses. Tais categorias elucidaram as experiencias vivenciadas pelos sujeitos e o modo como eles significam o mundo e sao significados pelos outros, permitindo elencar dificuldades vivenciadas por esses sujeitos e seus familiares. CONCLUSOES: Os apontamentos dos sujeitos mostram a necessidade de orientacoes continuas sobre os aspectos destacados nas categorias, desde o momento da descoberta do diagnostico, proporcionando ao individuo uma participacao social e um desenvolvimento linguistico-cognitivo mais efetivo. O pediatra e o fonoaudiologo sao os profissionais indicados para tais orientacoes, uma vez que sao os primeiros a atender as criancas autistas e os que participam diretamente do momento da descoberta do diagnostico, acompanhando os pacientes ate a adolescencia.