J.A. Ballesteros

Changes In Wood Anatomy In Tree Rings Of Pinus Pinaster Ait. Following Wounding By Flash Floods

Abstract This paper analyzes the anatomical response of Pinus pinaster Ait. following wounding by flash floods. A total of 14 wood samples were taken from 14 different scarred trees located on the river banks of the Arroyo Cabrera torrent (Spanish Central System). In addition, 20 increment cores were collected from undisturbed and healthy P. pinaster trees to build a local reference chronology. For the injured trees, analysis focused on growth changes in early earlywood (EE) tracheids, namely on differences in (i) lumen size; (ii) cell-wall percentage and cell-wall thickness; (iii) radial length and tangential width of tracheids; as well as (iv) in the abundance of resin ducts in earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) following wounding. Results indicate that tissues bordering flash-flood wounds are characterized by reduced growth rates and a decrease of EE tracheid lumen area by 51%. In addition, cell-wall percentage increases by 34% in the increment rings formed after the event and significant changes are observed in the radial length and tangential width of EE tracheids. Observations on resin ducts do not yield any significant results. Based on these anatomical parameters, detecting and dating past flash-flood events in growth rings is now possible for Mediterranean species, specifically P. pinaster.

Changes in wood anatomy of Pinus pinaster Ait. following wounding by flash floods

Abstract This paper analyzes the anatomical response of Pinus pinaster Ait. following wounding by flash floods. A total of 14 wood samples were taken from 14 different scarred trees located on the river banks of the Arroyo Cabrera torrent (Spanish Central System). In addition, 20 increment cores were collected from undisturbed and healthy P. pinaster trees to build a local reference chronology. For the injured trees, analysis focused on growth changes in early earlywood (EE) tracheids, namely on differences in (i) lumen size; (ii) cell-wall percentage and cell-wall thickness; (iii) radial length and tangential width of tracheids; as well as (iv) in the abundance of resin ducts in earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) following wounding. Results indicate that tissues bordering flash-flood wounds are characterized by reduced growth rates and a decrease of EE tracheid lumen area by 51%. In addition, cell-wall percentage increases by 34% in the increment rings formed after the event and significant changes are observed in the radial length and tangential width of EE tracheids. Observations on resin ducts do not yield any significant results. Based on these anatomical parameters, detecting and dating past flash-flood events in growth rings is now possible for Mediterranean species, specifically P. pinaster.

Flash-flood impacts cause changes in wood anatomy of Alnus glutinosa, Fraxinus angustifolia and Quercus pyrenaica

Flash floods may influence the development of trees growing on channel bars and floodplains. In this study, we analyze and quantify anatomical reactions to wounding in diffuse-porous (Alnus glutinosa L.) and ring-porous (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl. and Quercus pyrenaica Willd.) trees in a Mediterranean environment. A total of 54 cross-sections and wedges were collected from trees that had been injured by past flash floods. From each of the samples, micro-sections were prepared at a tangential distance of 1.5 cm from the injury to determine wounding-related changes in radial width, tangential width and lumen of earlywood vessels, and fibers and parenchyma cells (FPC). In diffuse-porous A. glutinosa, the lumen area of vessels shows a significant (non-parametric test, P-value <0.05) decrease by almost 39% after wounding. For ring-porous F. angustifolia and Q. pyrenaica, significant decreases in vessel lumen area are observed as well by 59 and 42%, respectively. Radial width of vessels was generally more sensitive to the decrease than tangential width, but statistically significant values were only observed in F. angustifolia. Changes in the dimensions of earlywood FPC largely differed between species. While in ring-porous F. angustifolia and Q. pyrenaica the lumen of FPC dropped by 22 and 34% after wounding, we observed an increase in FPC lumen area in diffuse-porous A. glutinosa of approximately 35%. Our data clearly show that A. glutinosa represents a valuable species for flash-flood research in vulnerable Mediterranean environments. For this species, it will be possible in the future to gather information on past flash floods with non-destructive sampling based on increment cores. In ring-porous F. angustifolia and Q. pyrenaica, flash floods leave less drastic, yet still recognizable, signatures of flash-flood activity through significant changes in vessel lumen area. In contrast, the use of changes in FPC dimensions appears less feasible for the determination of past flash-flood events as these two species do not react with the same intensity and clarity as A. glutinosa.