J. Alan Holman

Fossil Snakes from the Valentine Formation of Nebraska

malachiticus (12), megalepidurus (1), melanorhinus melanorhinus (1), melanorhinus stuarti (1), merriami merriami (3), mucronatus (1), nelsoni (1), occidentalis biseriatus (6), occidentalis occidentalis (61), olivaceus (4), orcutti licki (3), orcutti orcutti (12), ornatus (5), parvus (4), poinsetti (15), prezygus (1), pyrocephalus (2), scalaris scalaris (10), scalaris slevini (10), siniferus siniferus (2), spinosus spinosus (4), squamosus (3), torquatus torquatus (2), undulatus consobrinus (13), undulatus hyacinthinus (14), undulatus undulatus (3), utiformis (2), variabilis olloporus (2), variabilis variabilis (3), virgatus (6), woodi (1). Uma: exsul (2), notata inornata (6), notata notata (4), notata rufopunctata (6), paraphygas (2), scoparia (24). Urosaurus: auriculatus (1), bicarinatus bicarinatus (2), clarionensis (1), graciosus (7), microscutatus (3), nigricaudus (34), ornatus caeruleus (1), ornatus lateralis (1), ornatus ornatus (4), ornatus schmidti (1), ornatus symmetricus (13). Uta: concinna (1), martinensis (1), stansburiana elegans (2), stansburiana hesperis (140), stansburiana stejnegeri (3), stellata (3). Phrynosoma: asio (1), cornutum (9), coronatum blainvillii (12), douglassi hernandesi (7), mcalli (7), modestum (8), orbiculare cortezi (1), orbiculare orbiculare (4), platyrhinos calidiarum (10), platyrhinos platyrhinos (6), solare (3). LITERATURE CITED

Amphibians and Reptiles from the Pleistocene (Illinoian) of Williston, Florida

-. 1955. Vascularization of respiratory surfaces in Leiopelma hochstetteri Fitzinger and Xenopus laevis (Daudin). Acta Anat. 25: 34660. c a ge, as the capi laries a es of the palate in reeding speci ens l o e percent of the total i capi laries. . 1957. The vascularization of respiratory surfaces in Ambystoma mexicanum (Cope) in ontogeny. Zool. Pol. 8: In Press. CZOPKOWA, G., AND J. CZOPEK. 1955. The vascu arization of the respiratory surfaces in Bombina variegata (L.). Bull. Acad. Pol. Sci. Cl. II, 3: 313-18.

A Texas Pleistocene Herpetofauna

A newly discovered Pleistocene deposit of Sangamon age in northcentral Texas has yielded bones representing at least 14 species of amphibians and reptiles. These are: Ambystoma sp. indet., Bufo woodhousei, Acris cf. A. crepitans, Hyla or Pseudacris, Rana pipiens, Geochelone sp. indet., Gopherus sp. indet., Holbrookia sp. indet., Storeria cf. S. dekayi, Thamnophis sirtalis, Thamnophis cf. T. sauritus, Thamnophis

The Pleistocene herpetofauna of Saber-tooth Caare, Citrus County, Florida

ONE of the four Pleistocene test faunas of Florida is Saber-tooth Cave (Simpson, 1929). The mammals were described by Simpson (1928) and the birds by Wetmore (1931), but only a few reptiles (Brattstrom, 1953, 1954) and no amphibians have been identified from this locality. Previous knowledge of the fauna of this cave is based upon excavations made by a party from the American Museum of Natural History in 1928. Apparently systematic excavations have not been made in Saber-tooth Cave since this

Upper Pliocene Snakes from Idaho

MERRIAM, C. H. 1898. Life-zones and cropzones of the United States. U. S. Dep. Agr., Div. Bio. Surv., Bull. 10:1-79. PATTEN, D. T. 1963. Vegetational pattern in relation to environment in the Madison Range, Montana. Ecol. Monogr. 33(4):375-406. SABATH, M. 1960. Sceloporus g. graciosus in southern New Mexico and Texas. Herpetologica 16(1):22. SHANTZ, H. L. AND R. ZON. 1924. Natural vegetation. In: Atlas of American agriculture. Government Printing Office, Wash., D. C. SMITH, H. M. 1939. The Mexican and Central American lizards of the genus Sceloporus. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Zool. Ser. 26:1-397. . 1946. Handbook of Lizards. Comstock Publ. Co., Ithaca, N. Y. STEBBINS, R. C. 1954. Amphibians and reptiles . . . i e-zones and cropi tates. . S. Dep. Agr., . ll. : -79. . . e etational pattern in i e t i t e adison Range, . . 33(4):375-406. . l orus g. graciosus in i a exas. Herpeto. of western North America. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York. TURNER, F. B. 1955. Reptiles and amphibians of Yellowstone National Park. Yellowstone Interpret. Ser. No. 5, 40 pp. VAN DENBURGH, J. 1922. The reptiles of western North America. Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 10, 1028 pp. WELLS, P. V. 1966. Late Pleistocene vegetation and degree of pluvial climatic change in the Chihuahuan desert. Science 153:970-975. AND C. D. JORGENSON. 1964. Pleistocene wood rat middens and climatic change in Mohave Desert-a record of juniper woodlands. Ibid. 143:1171-1174.

Texasophis (Reptilia: Serpentes), an Addition to the Miocene (Clarendonian) of North America

A new species of Texasophis is described on the basis of a vertebra from the WaKeeney local fauna of Trego County, Kansas. The fossil record of Texasophis, the earliest colubrid taxon known from North America, is thus extended from the Oligocene (Orellan) of North America and the Miocene of North America (Barstovian) and France (Astaracian) to a later Miocene time (Clarendonian) in North America. This is the largest species of Texasophis known, but based on its small size, elongated vertebral form, very low neural spine, and only moderately vaulted neural arch, still appears to have been a secretive or semifossorial form.

A New Pliocene Snake, Genus Elaphe, from Oklahoma

. 1955. Lampetra zanandreai, a new species of lamprey from northern Italy. Copeia 1955:215-223. , AND W. I. FOLLETT. 1958. Redescription of Lam.petra ayresii (Giinther) of western North America, a species of lamprey (Petromyzonidae) distinct from Lampetra fluviatilis (Linnaeus) of Europe. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 15:47-77. , AND . 1965. Lampetra richardsoni, a new nonparasitic species of lamprey (Petromyzonidae) from western North America. Ibid. 22:139-158. , AND . 1967. The teeth of l mpreys (Petromyzonidae): their terminology and use in a key to the Holarctic genera. Ibid. 24:1067-1075. ZANANDREA, G. 1959. Speciation among lampreys. Nature, Lond. 184:380. 1961. Studies of European lampreys. Evolution 15:523-534.