J Aravinth

An application of image processing techniques for detection of diseases on brinjal leaves using k-means clustering method

This work presents a method for identifying plant leaf disease and an approach for careful detection of diseases. The goal of proposed work is to diagnose the disease of brinjal leaf using image processing and artificial neural techniques. The diseases on the brinjal are critical issue which makes the sharp decrease in the production of brinjal. The study of interest is the leaf rather than whole brinjal plant because about 85-95 % of diseases occurred on the brinjal leaf like, Bacterial Wilt, Cercospora Leaf Spot, Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The methodology to detect brinjal leaf disease in this work includes K-means clustering algorithm for segmentation and Neural-network for classification. The proposed detection model based artiifical neural networks are very effective in recognizing leaf diseases.

Feature extraction for multimodal biometric and study of fusion using Gaussian mixture model

Biometrics consists of methods for uniquely recognizing humans based upon one or more intrinsic physical or behavioral traits. This paper describes the feature extraction techniques for three modalities viz. fingerprint, iris and face. The extracted information from each modality is stored as a template. The information are fused at the match score level using a density based score level fusion, GMM followed by the Likelihood ratio test. GMM parameters are estimated from training data using the iterative Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm.

Detection of pollution content in an urban area using landsat 8 data

Pollution control is a challenging task in current scenario. The very first step to control pollution is to detect the sources of pollution. The urban areas are more polluted than rural due to the high population density. The pollutants considered in this paper are aerosol and asbestos sheets. The source of asbestos are building roofs which are mainly in urban area and that of aerosol is combustion of coal. The conventional image processing techniques failed to detect the pollutant in urban environment which can be performed well using multispectral imaging. Since each object has different temperatures using the TIR (Thermal Infrared) bands of Landsat 8 data, the urban objects are classified using the land surface temperature map. The presence of asbestos sheets is detected by change in intensity of images with respect to Band 7 (Short Wave Infrared) and Band 9 (Cirrus). Aerosol is comprised of components that cause air pollution. In this work, the PM10 value is considered as one of the measures to identify the concentration of particulate matters in specific area.

Detection of copper in southern India using hyperion imagery

The demand for mineral and energy resources has increased pressure to reduce the environmental and social impact through mining operations. Among various minerals, Copper has served as an effective barometer of the economic health of a particular region or locality. Copper is an essential nutrient for humans and a few mammals for the best functioning of enzymes and carbohydrate metabolism. Copper is also needed for the formation of hemoglobin and hemocyanin which helps in oxygen transportation pigments in the blood of shellfish and many other vertebrates. Copper has high health benefits for a healthy existence, as the mineral allows a normal metabolic process associated with vitamins and amino acids. All these cannot be produced within the body and hence it needs to be added from external sources. This paper indicates the identification of Copper in parts of Karnataka using Hyperspectral remote sensing techniques. ENVI software is used to process and analyze the sensors (Hyperion) raw data to determine the exact locations of copper that are present in it using different classification techniques.

Big data challenges in airborne hyperspectral image for urban landuse classification

In recent years, it was a difficult task to classify a huge set of data due to the increasing population in urban places. As of now, satellite hyperspectral image provides information but this is not sufficient to classify data in urban areas. To develop the urban areas, accurate and timely information is necessary for the government. Hence, airborne hyperspectral data provides sufficient information for urban planning and disaster management. This paper, focuses on the following objectives: (i) To improve the classification accuracy in bigdata images (ii) To reduce the mixed pixels in residential buildings that are surrounded by small trees (iii) To bring down similar pixels of roads and parking lots. In this paper, 15 different classes were classified which are important for the growth in urban areas. The SVM classifier has more accuracy and better kappa coefficient compared with Neural Network (NN) and K-Means clustering. The Overall Accuracy (OA) has improved by 23.3.

Serial multimodal framework for enhancing user convenience using dimensionality reduction technique

Owing to an increased demand for identity management system in day to day applications, considering user convenience as a priority, we conduct a survey on biometric systems and observed serial multimodal systems as the most user convenient and reliable system. For further enhancement of the system performance, the discriminating capacity of the weaker trait can be improved, and we expect that the use of a semi supervised learning based dimensionality reduction method will make the performance of the weaker trait matcher better and hence enhance the overall performance of the system. We also propose a serial biometric system of face and fingerprint into which the dimensionality reduction method can be incorporated.

Robust features for spoofing detection

It is very important to enhance the robustness of Automatic Speaker Verification (ASV) systems against spoofing attacks. One of the recent research efforts in this direction is to derive features that are robust against spoofed speech. In this work, we experiment with the use of Cosine Normalised Phase-based Cepstral Coefficients (CNPCC) as inputs to a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) back-end classifier and compare its results with systems developed using the popular short term cepstral features, Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) and Power Normalised Cepstral Coefficients (PNCC), and show that CNPCC outperforms the other features. We then perform a score level fusion of the system developed using CNPCC with that of the systems using MFCC and PNCC to further enhance the performance. We use known attacks to train and optimise the system and unknown attacks to evaluate and present the results.

Multi classifier-based score level fusion of multi-modal biometric recognition and its application to remote biometrics authentication

Biometric recognition has become a common and reliable way to authenticate the identity of a person. Multimodal biometrics has become an interest of areas for researches in the recent past as it provides more reliability and accuracy. In multimodal biometric recognition, score level fusion has been a very promising approach to improve the overall systems accuracy. In this paper, score level fusion is carried out using three categories of classifiers like, rule classifier (fuzzy classifier), lazy classifier (Naïve Bayes) and learning classifiers (ABC-NN). These three classifiers have their own advantages and disadvantages so the hybridization of classifiers leads to provide overall improvements. The proposed technique consists of three modules, namely processing module, classifier module and combination module. Finally, the proposed fusion method is applied to remote biometric authentication. The implementation is carried out using MATLAB and the evaluation metrics employed are False Acceptance Rate (FAR), False Rejection Rate (FRR) and accuracy. The proposed technique is also compared with other techniques and by employing various combinations of modalities. From the results, we can observe that the proposed technique has achieved better accuracy value and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves when compared to other techniques. The proposed technique reached maximum accuracy of having 95% and shows the effectiveness of the proposed technique.