J. C. Salamone

Synthesis and solution properties of ampholytic acrylamide ionomers

Abstract The synthesis and semiconcentrated and dilute solution properties of two series of ampholytic acrylamide ionomers, poly(acrylamide MPTMA/AMPS) and poly(acrylamide METMA/MES), are reported as a function of the ionic content and added salt concentration. The viscosity dependence on shear rate was measured with a cone/plate Brookfield viscometer for sermiconcentrated solution and with a Cannon-Ubbelohde four-bulb shear dilution capillary viscometer for dilute solution at 25 ± 0.1°C. The two series of ampholytic acrylamide ionomers showed a characteristic pseudoplastic shear-thinning behavior under both conditions. The semiconcentrated solution viscosity parameters m and n in the power-law model, η = mγn-1, were determined and found to be functions of the ionic content. The viscosity at selected shear rates was found to be a complex function of the salt concentration. The intrinsic viscosity [η] was determined and compared with molecular parameters determined by light scattering under identical condi...

Polymerization of Ion-Pair Comonomers of Related Structures

Abstract Two ion-pair comonomers of 2-methacryloyloxyethyltrimethyl-ammonium 2-methacryloyloxyethanesulfonate (METMAMES) and 3-acrylamido-3-methylbutyltrimethylammonium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate have been synthesized. The spontaneous and radical homocopolymerizations of these monomer pairs, wherein no nonpolymerizable counterions are present, have also been studied. Moreover, the intrinsic viscosity of the homocopolymer derived from METMA MES was found to increase with increasing KCl concentration in aqueous solutions.

Aqueous salt absorption by ampholytic polysaccharides

Abstract Studies of the solution properties of polyampholytes have revealed that these polymers are capable of undergoing viscosity increases in the presence of increasing salt concentration. Employing this unique characteristic, we have prepared graft copolymers of the ampholytic ion pair comonomer 3-methacrylamido-propyltrimethylammonium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonate with acrylamide onto starch and hydroxyethyl cellulose by both ceric ion and cobalt-60 irradiation. The deionized water and aqueous salt absorbing properties of these materials are reported.

Acrylic ampholytic ionomers

Abstract In a continuing study of the preparation of ampholytic ionomers from the polymerization of ion-pair comonomers (cationic-anionic monomer pairs) with nonionic comonomers, the preparation of such ionomers from methyl methacrylate and n-butyl acrylate is described. For both systems, ionomers of varying ion contents were obtained. In the n-butyl acrylate system, a linear relationship of Tq vs. mol % ion content was found, but this did not occur for the methyl methacrylate ionomers. The solubilities of these materials in a wide variety of solvents is discussed. It appears that for n-butyl acrylate ionomers of high ion content in aqueous solution, a new form of polymeric surfactant is obtained.

Polymerization of Vinylpyridinium Salts. XI. Charge-Transfer Polymerization of 4-Vinylpyridinium p-Styrenesulfonate

Abstract The spontaneous polymerization of 4-vinylpyridinium p-styrene-sulfonate or 4-vinylpyridinium chloride with sodium p-styrenesuifonate or of 4-vinylpyridinium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpro-panesulfonate with sodium p-styrenesuifonate produces an amphoteric, equimolar copolymer. An UV study on the interaction between 4-vinylpyridinium chloride and sodium p-styrenesulfonate indicates an absorption maximum corresponding to 1:1 charge transfer complex. From the observed results, a charge-transfer polymerization of 4-vinylpyridinium salts with electron-donating monomers is elucidated.

BEHAVIOR OF POLYAMPHOLYTES IN AQUEOUS SALT SOLUTION

The role of ionic polymers in enhanced oil recovery is well recognized (1). Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide is the most widely used ionic polymer for this purpose as it produces a high viscosity in fresh water at a reasonable cost. However, anionic polyacrylamide rapidly looses its viscosity in solutions containing added electrolyte. In addition, polyacrylamides are sensitive to shear degradation.

Solution behavior of an alternating anionic-zwitterionic copolymer

Abstract In this paper the dilute solution properties of a novel alternating anionic-zwitterionic copolymer are discussed. The copolymer, synthesized through a spontaneous route, exhibited contrasting poly-ampholytic and polyelectrolytic behavior in aqueous salt solution. Intrinsic viscosity and light-scattering studies as a function of simple electrolyte added are presented to illustrate the unique solution characteristics. An explanation of the effect of salt on the molecular dimensions of the polymer is offered.

Solution Associations in Hydrophobically-Modified Polyethylene Oxides

The solution associations of some hydrophobically modified polyethylene oxides have been investigated. It was found that as the hydrophobe level increased in the polymers, the apparent molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity increased, indicative of increased intermolecular association. Additionally, the solution associations appear to be augmented in salt solution.

Synthesis and Solution Properties of a Novel Side-Chain Polyaminimide

Abstract The novel polyaminimide polymer, poly[sodium dimethyl(3-propyl)amine-4-methacrylamidobenzimide sulfonate] (PSDM), was prepared. This polymer contains a pendant sulfonate group in addition to the dipolar aminimide moiety. The dilute solution viscosity and light-scattering behavior of PSDM were studied as a function of salt concentration. It was found that the polymer exhibited typical polyelectrolyte behavior in spite of the presence of the dipolar aminimide group.