J. C. Warner

The Solubility of Biphenyl in Non‐Polar Solvents

The solubilities of biphenyl, between 30° and 60°, in benzene, carbon disulphide, carbon tetrachloride, heptane, dioxane and p‐dichlorobenzene have been determined. The solubilities, in all cases, are lower than ideal. The freezing point‐composition diagram for the system biphenyl‐p‐dichlorobenzene has been determined. These components yield a simple eutectic at 27.7° and at 42.5 mole percent biphenyl. Hildebrands equation, based upon the simple Baud‐Heitler equation for the heat of mixing, yields fairly satisfactory results for solutions of biphenyl in benzene, carbon disulphide, p‐dichlorobenzene and dioxane. The results are not very satisfactory when the equation is applied to the solutions of biphenyl in carbon tetrachloride and heptane. Hildebrands more recent equation, based upon the Menke probability function, yields fairly satisfactory results considering the nature of the assumptions made in its derivation. It is concluded that regular solution behavior should be expected only when the molecule...

Contributions of Science to the Goal of Civilization

The scientific method, substantially modified, could be used to reach sound solutions to the complicated social, economic, and political problems of the present era CHEMISTS and chemical engineers are professional people. They are interested in a reasonable income because they must feed, clothe, and house themselves and their families. To accomplish this purpose they must possess technical competence; but I am sure that a laxge imajority of them will agree with me in the view that technical competence is not enough. As professional people we must endeavor to handle all aspects of the problems we encounter in true professional style, and these problems almost always involve elements beyond the technical, in economics, in human relations, and in true social political implications of our work. Furthermore, I am convinced that because of the complexity of modern civilization we must rely increasingly upon our professional people for help in the solution of the pressing problems which are before us in this nat...