J. Calvo

Characterization of Strain-Induced Precipitation in Inconel 718 Superalloy

Inconel 718 presents excellent mechanical properties at high temperatures, as well as good corrosion resistance and weldability. These properties, oriented to satisfy the design requirements of gas turbine components, depend on microstructural features such as grain size and precipitation. In this work, precipitation-temperature-time diagrams have been derived based on a stress relaxation technique and the characterization of precipitates by scanning electron microscopy. By using this methodology, the effect of strain accumulation during processing on the precipitation kinetics can be determined. The results show that the characteristics of precipitation are significantly modified when plastic deformation is applied, and the kinetics are slightly affected by the amount of total plastic deformation.

Equal channel angular pressing of a TWIP steel: microstructure and mechanical response

A Fe–20.1Mn–1.23Si–1.72Al–0.5C TWIP steel with ultrafine grain structure was successfully processed through equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) at warm temperature up to four passes following the BC route. The microstructure evolution was characterized by electron backscattered diffraction to obtain the grain maps, which revealed an obvious reduction in grain size, as well as a decrease in the twin fraction, with increasing number of ECAP passes. The texture evolution during ECAP was analyzed by orientation distribution function. The results show that the annealed material presents brass (B) as dominant component. After ECAP, the one pass sample presents A1* and A2* as the strongest components, while the two passes and four passes samples change gradually toward

Dynamic recrystallization mechanisms and twining evolution during hot deformation of Inconel 718

B/\bar{B}

Effect of Nb and Mo on the hot ductility behavior of a high-manganese austenitic Fe–21Mn–1.3Al–1.5Si–0.5C TWIP steel

B/B¯ components. TEM analysis shows that all samples present twins. The twin thickness is reduced with increasing the number of ECAP passes. Nano-twins, as a result of secondary twinning, are also observed in the one and two passes samples. In the four passes sample, the microstructure is extensively refined by the joint action of ultrafine subgrains, grains and twins. The mechanical behavior was studied by tensile samples, and it was found that the yield strength and the ultimate tensile strength are significantly enhanced at increasing number of ECAP passes. Although the ductility and strain hardening capability are reduced with ECAP process, the present TWIP steel shows significant uniform deformation periods with positive work hardening rates.

Effect of Ti and B microadditions on the hot ductility behavior of a High-Mn austenitic Fe–23Mn–1.5Al–1.3Si–0.5C TWIP steel

Since its introduction in 2003, alloy 718PlusTM spurred a lot of interest owing to its increased maximum service temperature over conventional Inconel 718 (704?°C versus 650?°C), good formability, and weldability together with its moderate cost. Understanding the high-temperature deformation characteristics and microstructural evolution is still of interest to many. It is known that the service performance and hot-flow behavior of this alloy are a strong function of the microstructure, particularly the grain size. To develop precise microstructure evolution models and foresee the final microstructure, it is important to understand how and under which forming conditions softening and precipitation processes occur concurrently. In this work, the softening behavior, its mechanisms, and the precipitation characteristics of 718PlusTM were investigated in two parallel studies. While cylindrical compression tests were employed to observe the hot-flow behavior, the precipitation behavior and other microstructural phenomena such as particle coarsening were tracked via hardness measurements. A precipitation–temperature–time (PTT) diagram was reported, and modeling of the flow curves via hyperbolic sine model was discussed in the light of the PTT behavior. Both “apparent” approach and “physically based” approach are implemented and two different sets of parameters were reported for the latter. Finally, recovery and recrystallization kinetics are described via Estrin–Mecking and Bergstrom, and Avrami kinetics, respectively.