J. Chopra

A COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) EVALUATION OF RENAL ARTERY EVALUATION IN HEALTHY ADULT NORTH INDIAN POPULATION

Address for Correspondence: Dr. Hiralal. MD, Additional Professor, Department of Radio-diagnosis, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014 Uttar Pradesh, India. E-Mail: hiralal2007@yahoo.co.in Aims and Objective: In 70% of normal population, each kidney is applied by a single renal artery. Renal arteries are known to present with wide range of anatomic variations. These variations are frequently related to the number of renal arteries, level of origin, length, diameter and branching pattern. Renal transplantation is the only curative option for end stage renal disease. Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy has become the preferred technique in renal transplant programs. The transplant surgeon requires at least 2 cm of renal artery length before hilar branching and diameter of 3 mm to ensure adequate vascular anastomosis. Therefore, a prior knowledge of number of renal arteries, the length and diameter of renal artery and branching pattern has become essential for renal transplant surgeons. Material and Methods: One hundred prospective healthy voluntary kidney donors (16 males and 84 females; mean age of 43.5±10.42 years), were evaluated for the renal artery anatomy by MDCT and CT angiography as part of preoperative assessment prior to donor nephrectomy. The number, level of origin, the diameter and length of renal artery on either side was recorded. Results: Single renal artery was present in 75.5% kidneys. The right MRA originated from aorta at the level of L1 vertebra in 78% cases and left MRA originated from aorta at lower level( L2 vertebra) in 47% of cases.The mean length of left and right renal artery was 26.2±10.6 mm and 29.6±12.8 mm respectively; mean diameter was 5.8±1.2 mm and 5.2±1.0 mm respectively. The difference between length and diameter of both sides was statistically significant. The mean diameter of left MRA was 5.8±1.2 mm and right MRA 5.2±1.0 mm and difference was statistically significant (p=0.001). Both in males and females the mean diameter of left MRA was more than that of right MRA. Conclusion: In the present study it was observed that single renal artery was present in 75.5% kidneys. The right MRA originated from aorta at a higher level compared to left MRA. The left renal artery was shorter and wider than right renal artery. In 22.5% cases the length of renal artery was less than 2.0 cm. KEY WORD: Renal Arteries, Renal artery length, Renal artery diameter. International Journal of Anatomy and Research, Int J Anat Res 2018, Vol 6(2.2):5207-12. ISSN 2321-4287 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2018.157 Access this Article online Quick Response code International Journal of Anatomy and Research ISSN (E) 2321-4287 | ISSN (P) 2321-8967 https://www.ijmhr.org/ijar.htm DOI-Prefix: https://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar DOI: 10.16965/ijar.2018.157 1 Senior Resident, Department of Anatomy, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, U.P, India. *2 Additional Professor, Department of Radio-diagnosis, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014 Uttar Pradesh, India. 3 Professor, Department of Anatomy, Era Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, UP, India. 4 Professor and Head of Department, Department of Anatomy, Era Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, UP, India. Received: 21 Feb 2018 Peer Review: 21 Feb 2018 Revised: None Accepted: 05 Apr 2018 Published (O): 05 May 2018 Published (P): 05 May 2018 Journal Information

VARIATIONS OF BRANCHES OF AORTIC ARCH IN NORTH INDIAN POPULATION: A COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC STUDY

Address for Correspondence: Dr. Hema Nagpal, Senior Resident, Department of Anatomy, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India. Phone: 91-9999072711 E-Mail: hemanagpal30@gmail.com Background: The major branches of arch of aorta are the great ways for blood supply to the head and upper limb.The aim of this study was to observe the variations in branching pattern of aortic arch and correlate it embryologically and clinically. Materials and methods: Computed topographic images of aortic arch region from 110 patients were studied retrospectively. Out of 110 patients, 62 were male and 48 female and were of 3 month to 75 years age. The images were reviewed for normal and variant anatomy of aortic arch and the results were analyzed statistically. Results: Normal branching pattern of AA was observed in 61.81% (n=68) of cases. In 27.27% (n=30) cases a common trunk originated from the aortic arch that gave rise to brachiocephalic trunk and left common carotid artery and second branch was left subclavian artery. In 10.89% subjects (n=12) left vertebral artery (LVA) was an additional branch apart from three normal branches of AA. LVA had different mode of origin in these cases. Conclusion: A variant of origin and course of a great vessel arising from the aortic arch is of great clinical value, because lack of knowledge of these variations may lead to serious surgical complications while doing procedures in the superior mediastinum and root of neck.

Prevalence of supernumerary teeth in North Indian population: A radiological study

Address for Correspondence: Dr. Archana Rani, MD, Professor, Department of Anatomy, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow226003, Uttar Pradesh, India. Contact no.: +919451950799 E-Mail: archana71gupta@yahoo.co.in Introduction: Supernumerary teeth are defined as any teeth or tooth substance in excess of the usual configuration of 20 deciduous and 32 permanent teeth. The reported prevalence of supernumerary teeth in the permanent dentition ranges from 0.1% to 3.8% and 0.3% to 0.6% in the deciduous dentition. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of supernumerary teeth in the subjects attending the out-patient dental department of our setup, as the reports of this entity in North Indian population are rarely found in the literature. Materials and Methods: Orthopentograms (OPGs) of 1025 subjects were collected from the Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow. OPGs of permanent dentition were only considered for the study. OPGs were studied carefully for various types of supernumerary teeth and prevalence was calculated. Results: The prevalence of supernumerary teeth was calculated according to their location. They were observed in only 0.8% cases. The prevalence of mesiodens was 0.2%, paramolar 0.1%, distomolar 0.4% and parapremolar was noticed in 0.1% case. Considering the morphological classification, only conical variety was seen in 0.2% cases. Males (62.5%) were found to be more commonly affected than females (37.5%). Conclusion: The prevalence of supernumerary teeth was 0.8% in present study of which distomolar was the most common variety. The unique finding was that the females were having tendency for distomolar type only. Supernumerary teeth may erupt or remain impacted and may lead to various complications. Findings of the present study may be useful for clinicians for proper diagnosis and management of supernumerary teeth.