J. Duncan Craven

Long-Term Radiographic Changes of the Kidney Following the Ileal Ureter Operation

A long-term retrospective evaluation was done on the preoperative and postoperative radiographic studies from patients who had undergone the ileal ureter operation. The comparative studies demonstrated decreased or stable pelviocaliceal dilatation, no measurable parenchymal loss, frequent high pressure vesico-ileac reflux and decreased number of renal calculi. Radiographically there was no evidence of renal morphological deterioration.

Measurement of the Velocity of Ultrasound in Human Cortical Bone and Its Potential Clinical Importance: An In Vivo Preliminary Study

The velocity of ultrasound in human cortical bone has been measured in vivo by a pulse echo technique. The velocity is reduced in a small group of older females, compared with a small group of young males. It is suggested that this change results from a proportionately greater decrease in the elastic constant of the bone, compared with its density. This method measures a new combination of physical properties of bone, which may have important clinical significance in the assessment of the diagnosis and course of osteoporosis.

The modulus of elasticity of human cortical bone: an in vivo measurement and its clinical implications.

The modulus of elasticity was derived by combining the velocity of ultrasound measurements and photon absorption (Norland-Cameron method) in human cortical bone (proximal radius) in vivo. The results compare favorably with published values of the elasticity modulus obtained in vitro. Values obtained for a heterogeneous group of patients with bone and joint complaints differed from those of normal volunteers.

A study of the homogeneity of the trabecular bone mineral density in the calcaneus

In the past our laboratory has reported a method of measuring trabecular bone mineral density (TBMD) in the calcaneus in vivo by using the coherent-to-Compton scattering ratio. In the present work the distribution of TBMD in the calcaneus has been studied, and the reproducibility of this technique in vivo has been determined. It is found that although the TBMD may vary within the calcaneus, a region exists over which the variation in density is not large. This region coincides with the midportion of the heel and is the site chosen for the measurement of TBMD by the coherent-to-Compton scattering ratio technique. The reproducibility of this technique in vivo has been determined to be 3.4%.

The Natural History of Postobstructive Renal Atrophy Shown by Sequential Uroqrams1

Twenty-five patients with postobstructive renal atrophy were followed from seven months to fifteen years without further episodes of obstruction. Excretory urography demonstrated no appreciable change in papillary blunting or in loss of parenchymal thickness or renal Iong-axis length. It is concluded that, once obstructive atrophy has been produced in adults, its extent does not change appreciably while the kidney remains unobstructed. Therefore, if postobstructive renal atrophy does show change with time, some new factor is operating, and this is a strong indication for further investigation.

An Atypical Response of the Kidney to a Period of Ureteric Obstruction

Abstract Twenty cases in which a kidney showed an atypical response to a period of obstruction are presented. The kidney was small, with a smooth outline, a reduced rate of urine production; and a reduced contrast medium concentration in the urine. The papillae, however, were normal or near normal in contrast to the expected atrophy of papillae in the typical postobstructive state. This response appears to be due to a combination of obstruction and ischemia. It is suggested that previous obstruction be considered in the differential diagnosis of any “miniature” kidney.

A Problem in Hemodialysis Management: Fibromuscular Dysplasia of Radial and Ulnar Arteries—Report of a Case

Fibromuscular dysplasia (medial type) of the radial and ulna arteries, hitherto unreported, has been demonstrated angiographically following the malfunction of an arteriovenous shunt created for dialysis. Retrograde dilatation of the segmental stenoses caused some improvement in flow. No causal relationship is claimed between fibromuscular dysplasia and the arteriovenous shunt.