J.E.L. van der Nagel

Substance Use Disorders

Based on the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health approximately 46% of individuals (aged 12 and older) report lifetime use of illicit drugs, 69% report lifetime use of cigarettes, and 83% report lifetime use of alcohol. Less than 10% of the population, 22 million Americans, meet criteria for a current diagnosis of substance dependence or abuse (SAMSHA, 2002). Of these individuals, 7.7 million may require treatment for a drug use disorder and 17.6 million may require treatment for an alcohol use disorder. The estimated social costs of substance use disorders are in excess of

The relationship between drinking motives and interpretation bias in problematic drinkers with mild to borderline intellectual disability

300 billion, including costs of treatment, related health problems, absenteeism, productivity loss, crime and incarceration, and education and prevention. Of these costs, treatment and prevention efforts are significantly less costly than the cost of incarceration and crimes (SAMSHA, 1997). A study in California estimated that every dollar spent on substance abuse treatment saves

Dual disorders: Mild intellectual disability and substance abuse

7 in costs related to health, crime, and work productivity (Delaney, Gable, & Kendell, 2000). Substance use disorders are classified by the American Psychiatric Association (1994) as two distinct, but often cooccurring, disorders: substance dependence and substance abuse.

Substance use among persons with mild intellectual disability: Approaches to screening and interviewing

ABSTRACT Background The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between drinking motives and interpretation bias (interpreting ambiguous stimuli in an alcohol-related way) in problematic drinkers with and without mild to borderline intellectual disability (MBID). Method Participants (N = 178) were divided into 4 groups based on severity of alcohol use–related problems and full-scale IQ. They completed a word-association task and the Drinking Motives Questionnaire Revised (DMQ-R). Results Problematic drinkers showed an interpretation bias towards alcohol. Participants with MBID had a relatively strong interpretation bias. The DMQ-R coping motive predicted the strength of the bias in negative scenarios, whereas the DMQ-R coping and social motives predicted the strength of the bias in positive scenarios. Conclusions The activation of this bias might depend on individual differences in drinking motives, which provides implications for the assessment and treatment of problematic alcohol use in individuals with and without MBID.

Handleiding SumID-Q. Meetinstrument voor het in kaart brengen van middelengebruik bij mensen met een lichte verstandelijke beperking

In European countries, there is an increasing awareness that substance abuse also occurs among people with a mild intellectual disability (MID). Individuals with MID often do not fit within the traditional (addiction) treatment systems and subsequently treatment outcomes can be poor. To improve outcome and treatment retention, programmes should be adapted to the specific needs and competences of these patients. This chapter describes substance abuse among people with MID from a European perspective. It aims at providing information and practical tools for both screening and treatment interventions.