J. Ferlay

Erratum: Estimates of the worldwide mortality from 25 cancers in 1990. Int. J. Cancer,83, 18–29 (1999).

Pisani, P., Parkin, D.M., Bray, F. and Ferlay, J. Estimates of the worldwide mortality from 25 cancers in 1990. Int. J. Cancer, 83, 18–29 (1999).

Cancer Incidence in Five Continents: Inclusion criteria, highlights from Volume X and the global status of cancer registration

Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5), a longstanding collaboration between the International Agency for Research on Cancer and the International Association of Cancer Registries, serves as a unique source of cancer incidence data from high‐quality population‐based cancer registries around the world. The recent publication of Volume X comprises cancer incidence data from 290 registries covering 424 populations in 68 countries for the registration period 2003–2007. In this article, we assess the status of population‐based cancer registries worldwide, describe the techniques used in CI5 to evaluate their quality and highlight the notable variation in the incidence rates of selected cancers contained within Volume X of CI5. We also discuss the Global Initiative for Cancer Registry Development as an international partnership that aims to reduce the disparities in availability of cancer incidence data for cancer control action, particularly in economically transitioning countries, already experiencing a rapid rise in the number of cancer patients annually.

International uveal melanoma incidence trends in view of a decreasing proportion of morphological verification

The introduction of eye‐preserving therapies for uveal melanoma in the 1970s complicates time trend analyses of the uveal melanoma incidence because the proportion of morphologically verified uveal melanoma has been decreasing over the decades. We carried out incidence trend analyses, based on data from internationally accredited population‐based cancer registries throughout the world that take missing data on topography, morphology and basis of diagnosis of eye tumours into account. We selected incidence data of cancer registries that were included in Cancer Incidence In 5 Continents, Volumes VI–VIII covering a registration period of at least 15 years (usually 1983 to 1997) and classified each eye cancer as morphologically verified uveal melanoma, clinically diagnosed uveal melanoma, uveal melanoma identified as DCO case (Death certificate only), possibly uveal melanoma, other eye tumour or unclassifiable eye tumour and calculated age‐standardized incidence rates by 3‐year calendar periods using the World Standard Population as the reference. The uveal melanoma incidence decline in the United States SEER Caucasian population is due mainly to an incidence decline in the early registration period (from 1974–76 to 1986–88). The data from France and Italy suggest a recent increase in incidence. Uveal melanoma diagnosed clinically increasingly contribute to the overall uveal melanoma incidence over time. Combining all registries, the proportion of morphologically verified uveal melanoma decreased from 82% in 1983–87 to 75% in 1993–97. Uveal melanoma incidence rates remained quite stable during the period 1983–97. The interpretation of uveal melanoma incidence trends is complicated by missing data on topography within the eye, morphology and basis of diagnosis.

Education and cancer incidence in a rural population in south India

BACKGROUND Population-based studies describing the association between education and cancer incidence has not yet been reported from India. METHODS Information on the educational attainment of 4417 cancer cases aged 14 years and above, diagnosed during 2003-2006 in Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu, India, was obtained from the Dindigul Ambilikkai Cancer Registry, which registers invasive cancer cases by active methods from 102 data sources. Population distribution by 5-year age groups and for four educational levels namely no education, education <or=5 years, 6-12 years and >12 years, was obtained from census data. Standardized rate ratios based on age-standardized rates were calculated to study cancer risks for different educational levels. RESULTS Men and women with no education had higher overall cancer incidence rates compared to the educated population. The risk of cervix, mouth, esophagus, stomach and lung cancers were inversely associated with higher levels of education whereas a high incidence of breast cancer was observed with increasing educational levels. The standardized rate ratio of cervical cancer 0.32 (95% CI: 0.19-0.52) and of breast cancer was 6.08 (95% CI: 1.81-20.48) for women with more than 12 years of education compared to those with no education. There was paucity of cases in the highest education level for most cancers. CONCLUSION With more and more women in rural India becoming educated, one could foresee breast cancer becoming more frequent even in rural areas of India in future.

Cancer in the European population of Harare, Zimbabwe, 1990-1992

The data presented from the population‐based cancer registry in Harare, Zimbabwe, represent the first information on the incidence of cancer in a population of European origin living in Southern Africa for over 30 years. Their cancer pattern is more or less typical of white populations of high socio‐economic status living in Europe or North America, with elevated incidence rates of breast cancer, large‐bowel cancer and, in women, lung cancer. However, there are also several unusual features, with extremely high incidence rates of skin cancers, including melanomas, and higher rates of liver and bladder cancer than normally seen in white populations.

Cervical cancer in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Asia: Regional inequalities and changing trends

The vast majority (86% or 453,000 cases) of the global burden of cervical cancer occurs in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean and Asia, where one in nine new cancer cases are of the cervix. Although the disease has become rare in high‐resource settings (e.g., in North America, parts of Europe, Japan) that have historically invested in effective screening programs, the patterns and trends are variable elsewhere. While favourable incidence trends have been recorded in many populations in Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean in the past decades, rising rates have been observed in sub‐Saharan African countries, where high quality incidence series are available. The challenge for countries heavily affected by the disease in these regions is to ensure resource‐dependent programmes of screening and vaccination are implemented to transform the situation, so that accelerated declines in cervical cancer are not the preserve of high‐income countries, but become the norm in all populations worldwide.

Estimating the global cancer incidence and mortality in 2018: GLOBOCAN sources and methods: Estimating the global cancer incidence and mortality in 2018: GLOBOCAN sources and methods

Estimates of the worldwide incidence and mortality from 36 cancers and for all cancers combined for the year 2018 are now available in the GLOBOCAN 2018 database, compiled and disseminated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). This paper reviews the sources and methods used in compiling the cancer statistics in 185 countries. The validity of the national estimates depends upon the representativeness of the source information, and to take into account possible sources of bias, uncertainty intervals are now provided for the estimated sex‐ and site‐specific all‐ages number of new cancer cases and cancer deaths. We briefly describe the key results globally and by world region. There were an estimated 18.1 million (95% UI: 17.5–18.7 million) new cases of cancer (17 million excluding non‐melanoma skin cancer) and 9.6 million (95% UI: 9.3–9.8 million) deaths from cancer (9.5 million excluding non‐melanoma skin cancer) worldwide in 2018.