J.G. Patel

Pathology of experimentally induced acute toxicity of potassium dichromate in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Potassium dichromate toxicity was induced in Wistar rats to study hematological, biochemical and histopathological alterations. Twelve Wistar rats weighing 200–250 g were divided into two equal groups, with one group (Group II) receiving potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) @ 25 mg/kg b. wt. orally by gavage as a single dose, and the other (Group I) serving as control was given normal diet. The rats were observed for 72 hours and sacrificed post treatment. Clinical signs such as dullness, depression and erection of hairs were observed in Group II rats. Haematology revealed significant (P<0.05) decrease in mean values of Hb, PCV and TEC and significant (P<0.05) increase in mean values of TLC in rats of treatment group. A significant (P<0.05) rise in mean values of plasma creatinine, urea nitrogen, ALT, AST and ALP was recorded in group II rats. Pathological changes comprised of congestion, hemorrhages, degeneration and necrosis in visceral organs. The lesions were prominent and severe in kidneys followed by liver.

Pathological studies on subacute toxicity of thioglycolic acid in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus)

In present study subacute oral toxicity of thioglycolic acid was evaluated in rats. Forty Wistar rats of either sex were divided into four groups. Group I rats received only distilled water as a control, while Group II, III and IV were given thioglycolic acid dissolved in distilled water dosedat the rate of 6, 12 and 24 mg/kg b.wt., respectively, by oral gavage daily for 28 days. Clinically, Group IV (high dose) rats showed lethargy and decreased activity after 21day of experiment. There was significant increase in haemoglobin level in Group II female rats and increase in TEC in Group II and III female rats as compared to control rats. Significantly decrease in ALP infemale rats of Group II, III and IV as compared to control rats. Significantly decrease in creatinine level in Group II, III and IV male rats. The male rats of Group III revealed a significant increase in calcium level. Triglyceride level was significantly (p<0.05) decreased and increased in female rats of Group II and III respectively as compared to control rats. There was significant decrease in absolute and relative adrenal weight in Group II, III and IV female rats as compared to control. Mild pathomorphological changes were seen in lung, liver and spleen. Microscopically, in Group IV rats, lungs showed perivascular mononuclear cell infiltration, minimal alveolar histiocytic infiltration, congestion and emphysema; liverevincedcongestion and perivascular leukocytic infiltration; kidney showed mineralization in tubules; and spleen revealed yellowish intracellular pigmentation. In conclusion, thioglycolic acid did not produce any significant pathology in Wistar rats at dose rates of 6, 12 and 24 mg/kg b.wt.

Potassium Dichromate induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus)

The present study was designed to study Oxidative stress and genotoxicity induced by Potassium Dichromate in Wistar rats.50 colony bred Albino Wistar strain rats of either sex, divided uniformly into five different Groups. The rat of Group A received only Distilled water as control while, Group B, C and D were given Potassium Dichromate@ 0.625 mg/kg b.wt. (body weight), 1.25 mg/kg b.wt. and 2.5 mg/kg b.wt., respectively, orally by gavage for 28 days. Group E served as a positive control for genotoxicity given cyclophosphamide @ 20 mg/kg body weight intraperitonially prior to 24 hrs of sacrifice. The significant (P < 0.05) decrease in body weight was observed in rats of Group D from day 21st onwards. A significant dose dependent rise in Lipid peroxide level was observed in all chromium treated rats whereas, significant decrease in SOD values were observed in Group C and Group D rats. A dose dependent significant rise in chromium concentration in kidney, liver and lung were observed. There was dose dependent increase in the mean comet cell percentage in Group A, B, C and D. The present study indicates genotoxicity and oxidative stressin Wistar rats induced by Potassium Dichromate toxicity.

Pathomorphology of spontaneously occurring female genital tract lesions in buffaloes of North Gujarat

The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of female genital tract pathology in buffaloes of North Gujarat. A total of 179 buffalo genitalia collected from the slaughter house were screened for the presence of gross lesions. Out of 179, 57 (37.84%) genitalia were found grossly affected. The lesions observed were paraovarian cyst, 18 (10.06%) followed by bilateral inactive ovaries, 14 (7.82%), uterine serosal inclusion cyst, 6 (3.35%), aneurysms, 6 (3.35%), unilateral ovarian atrophy, 5 (2.79%), unilateral follicular cyst, 4 (2.23%) and one each of unilateral cystic corpus luteum, hematoma in paraovarian tissues, unilateral hydrosalpinx and mucometra.

A dose response study of monosodium iodoacetate induced femorotibial osteoarthritis in Wistar rats

In the present study, 18 female rats were randomly divided into 3 different groups. Each group consisted of 6 female rats. The right femorotibial joint of rats of the group I, II, III received 1, 3 and 5 mg monosodium iodoacetate (MIA), respectively at dose volume of 50 il/joint. The left femorotibial joint of rats of the group I, II, III received 50 il normal saline and served as control. Three rats from each group were euthanized on day 15 and 30 post injection. The clinical sign and histopathologic changes were clearly dose dependent. 5 mg MIA/joint produced marked joint swelling, lameness and lesions viz., degeneration and necrosis of chondrocytes, atrophy of articular cartilage, exposure of subchondral bone, fibrosis in marrow cavity and chondro-osteophyte formation on day 15 and 30. The rats of 3 mg MIA/joint showed similar clinical signs and lesions of milder severity. In 3 mg MIA/joint, chondro-osteophyte formation was seen on day 30. In 1 mg MIA/joint showed mild swelling, lameness and minimal necrosis of chondrocytes as compared to 3 and 5 mg groups. On basis of above findings it is concluded that 3 mg MIA/joint produced ideal osteoarthritisrat model.

Trichoepithelioma in goat: A case report

A surgically removed, formalin fixed tissue fromsoft, off white, ulcerated, glandular mass at junction of left teat and udder, of an about 5-year-old mixed breed goatwas submitted for histopathological evaluation. Microscopically, neoplastic mass was composed of islands and nests of neoplastic cells that form variable sized keratin filled cysts and supported by a moderate fibrovascular stroma. Neoplastic cells underwent incomplete trichogenesis. In the center of islands and nests of neoplastic cells showed matrical keratinization indicative of infundibular origin. On basis of histopathology, the tumor was diagnosed as benign trichoepithelioma.

Cervical leiomyosarcoma in a crossbred cow

A surgically removed, formalin fixed tissue from cervical tumorous mass from a7-year old Holstein-Friesiancowwas submitted for histopathological evaluation. Microscopically, unencapsulated neoplasm was composed of densely packed spindle shaped cells with cigar-shaped nucleiarranged in short interlacing bundles and admixed with collagenous stroma. Neoplastic cells showed diffuse strong reactivity for alphasmooth muscle actin. On basis of histopathology and immunohistochemistry, this neoplasm was diagnosed as leiomyosarcoma.

Clinicopathological studies of experimentally induced Nickel Chloride in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus)

The present work was carried out to study the clinicopathological changes induced by nickel chloride toxicity in rats. Forty adult Wistar rats were divided into four equal groups viz. Group I, Group II, Group III and Group IV. Group I rats received only deionized water and served as control. Group II, Group III and Group IV rats were orally administered daily with nickel chloride at the dose of 5.25 mg/kg (low dose), 10.5 mg/kg (mid dose) and 21 mg/kg (high dose), respectively, for a period of 28 days. Clinical signs in rats included dullness and depression in rats of Group IV receiving high dose (21 mg/kg) of nickel chloride from 21st day of post treatment through drinking. The significant (P < 0.05) decrease in body weight was observed in rats of Group IV from day 21 onwards as compared with the control group. The relative weight of testes and kidney was significantly decreased in male rats, also relative weight of kidney was significantly decreased in female rats. All the rats exposed to nickel chloride at three different dose levels revealed dose dependant pathological changes. The pathomorphological changes comprised of varying degrees of degenerative and vascular changes in various visceral organs. The severity and distribution of such lesions were found higher in rats of group III and IV as compared to group II and control (group I) rats.

Renal dysplasia in labrador male dog: A case report

A 7 year old intact male, military Labrador dog was brought for the postmortem examination with the history of anorexia, vomiting, dehydration, dyspnea and convulsions. At necropsy, the urinary bladder was found severely distended with urine. Both kidneys were enlarged with indented cortex. Microscopically, the kidneys showed persistent metanephric ducts in the medulla, interstitial fibrosis, fetal glomeruli and various tubular changes. Based on characteristic histological features of disorganized renal parenchyma, the case was diagnosed as renal dysplasia.

Extramedullary haematopoiesis in spleen of Wistar rat: A case report

A case of extramedullary haematopoiesis in spleen has been reported in Wistar rat. Grossly, spleen was severely enlarged with rounded borders. Histomorphology exhibited marked erythropoiesis with megakaryocytosis.