J. Gómez Rendón

Spanish meets Guaraní, Otomí and Quichua: a multilingual confrontation

Novel fluorinated carboxylic acid derivatives of the general formula: CH2=CHCH2O-CF2-Rf- @-Z [I] wherein Rf is a divalent perfluoroalkyl or perfluoropoly. ether group and Z is halogen, hydroxyl or triorganosiloxy are useful intermediate for the synthesis of various fluorinated compounds. Compounds [I-i] wherein Z in formula [I] is F are prepared by reacting acid fluoride-terminated compounds of the formula: F- @-Rf- @-F with an alkali fluoride and further with an allyl halide. Compounds [I-ii] wherein Z in formula [I] is a halogen are prepared by reacting compounds [I-i] with lithium halide. Compounds [I-iii] wherein Z in formula [I] is OH are prepared through hydrclysis of compounds [I-ii]. Compounds [I-iv] wherein Z in formula [I] is triorganosiloxy are prepared by reacting compounds [I-iii] with a triorganosilylating agent.

Loanwords in Imbabura Quechua

Imbabura Quechua is spoken in the northern Andes of Ecuador by some 150,000 speakers. Although the majority of them rely on agriculture, an increasing number live also on the trade of handicrafts in and around the town of Otavalo. Others sell their labor to different factories in the province or migrate temporarily to work in the nearby cities of Ibarra and Quito. The socioeconomic status of Imbabura Quechua speakers is considered one of relative prosperity in comparison to that of other ethnic groups in Ecuador. Imbabura Quechua is part of the Quechua IIB dialect group (Torero 1964). This branch covers an extensive area that includes “the dialects of the Ecuadorian highlands and Oriente (the eastern lowlands); the Colombian Quichua dialect usually called Inga or Ingano (Caquetá, Nariño, Putumayo); the dialects spoken in the Peruvian department of Loreto in the Amazonian lowlands (which are, in fact, extensions of the varieties spoken in the Amazonian region of Ecuador); the Lamista dialect spoken in the area of Lamas (Department of San Martín, Peru); and that of Chachapoyas and Luya (Department of Amazonas, Peru)” (Adelaar & Muysken 2004: 186f). Figure 1 gives an idea of the place of Imbabura Quechua within the Quechua language family. Map 1 charts highland and lowland varieties of Ecuadorian Quechua. Differences between northern Quechua (Ecuador), locally known as Quichua, and southern Quechua (Peru and Bolivia) occur at all levels of linguistic structure but are particularly noticeable in morphology. Like other Ecuadorian dialects, Imbabura Quechua has undergone a gradual process of morphological simplification involving the loss of verb-object agreement and possessive nominal suffixes. Typologically speaking, Imbabura Quechua is much more analytic than Peruvian and Bolivian Quechua, even though it preserves the typical agglutinative character of all Quechua languages.

La lengua andwa: una experiencia en documentación y reapropiación lingüística a través de la educación = The andwa language: a case of documentation and linguistic reclamation through education

Este articulo se deriva de la investigacion “Literacidad y cultura escrita academica universitaria. Un estudio de comprension y produccion de textos escritos en el Instituto Tecnologico Metropolitano, 2013-2 – 1024-2”, en convenio con la Institucion Universitaria de Envigado, IUE. En ella se aborda el tema de la lectura y la escritura concebida como practicas que hacen parte de la cultura escrita en la universidad en relacion con el aprendizaje de todas las asignaturas. Por ello, en este texto se plantea la dificultad que subsiste en la educacion para que la lectura y la escritura, entren a jugar un papel fundamental en el que puedan participar los docentes y los estudiantes, que comparten cursos propios del curriculo de Ingenieria y Tecnologia, de pregrado y de postgrado. En esta perspectiva se persigue integrar la escritura y la lectura, como instrumentos que habilitan en el quehacer educativo, el aprendizaje, la reflexion, la participacion y la investigacion de cada objeto de formacion. Se presentan algunos datos que sirvieron de base para dar un primer paso al proyecto de investigacion mencionado arriba, en el que han participado para su analisis, jovenes integrantes del semillero de Lengua Materna. Seguidamente se tienen en cuenta cinco grupos: cuatro controles y uno experimental, a los que se les aplicaron una prueba de entrada y otra de salida, con la consiguiente evaluacion desde el marco de la linguistica textual, concebido en la aplicacion de una rubrica.This paper shows the results of a research, which assessed the impact of Digital Citizen Program in incorporating ICT in an institution from Piedecuesta, Santander (Colombia). The research used a qualitative methodology with data collected from teachers, ICFES, academic system and institution’s area plans, compared with the curriculum of the course ICT competent official teachers. Results indicates that the impact has been positive (except in Mathematics) in the quality of state tests.

Code switching in Sia Pedee story-telling

This article deals with code switching in a corpus of narratives collected in Sia Pedee (Chocoan) among the Épera of the northern Pacific coast of Ecuador. The reinsertion of Sia Pedee in the nowadays Spanish-speaking community has resulted in older speakers making use of code switching as a way to flag their ethnic identity and index their attitudes towards propositional content. While code switching seems to be inducing certain incipient changes in Sia Pedee, the seriously endangered state of the native language would prevent those changes from taking definite shape, just like the diglossic condition of Sia Pedee before Spanish is preventing the crystallization of a systematic pattern of language mixing.