J. K. Finnegan

Tissue Distribution and Elimination of DDD and DDT Following Oral Administration to Dogs and Rats.

Conclusions 1. DDD and DDT when administered orally are stored in the tissues of the dog, the greatest storage appearing in the fat. 2. Similarly DDD and DDT are both stored in the fat of the rat. 3. Both DDD and DDT are transported across the placental barrier in the dog. 4. In the dog, a small proportion of orally administered DDD or DDT is excreted in the feces. Of the 2, DDD appears in greater amount. 5. When administered orally to the dog, neither DDD nor DDT are excreted as such in the urine. DDA is a urinary end-product common to both DDD and DDT, appearing in greater amount following DDD administration. We wish to extend our thanks to Dr. E. L. Stanley of the Rohm and Haas Company for performing the analytical procedures connected with this study.

Chronic toxicologic studies on isopropyl N-(3-chlorophenyl) carbamate (CIPC)

Abstract The feeding of isopropyl N -(3-chlorophenyl) carbamate to rats for two years and to dogs for one year at dietary concentrations of 0.2% or below produced no discernible adverse effects. At a dietary concentration of 2.0%, adverse effects occurred in both rats and dogs.

On the Relative Toxicity of Nicotine and Nornicotine

Summary Whereas, the mouse and the rabbit as regards acute toxicity are about equally sensitive to nornicotine, they differ markedly in their sensitivity to nicotine as well as in their ability to detoxify the two substances. In view of such species variation it would seem impractical to evaluate the relative toxicity of nicotine and nornicotine for man on the basis of animal data. Since nicotine and nornicotine are quite closely related structurally, these results again emphasize the hazard of transferring to man toxicity data on related compounds obtained on one species of animal.

Studies on Cigarette Smoke Irritation. II. The Role of Nicotine

Conclusions Neither nicotine nor its products of combustion contribute significantly per se to the edema-producing properties of cigarette smoke, although it may definitely increase the subjective sensations of irritation.

Studies on Cigarette Smoke Irritation. I. Determination of Edema-Producing Properties of Certain Types of Cigarette Tobaccos

Conclusions 1. Smoke from different types of cigarette tobaccos may differ significantly in edema-producing irritants. 2. Constituents are present in cigarette smoke, from at least certain types of tobaccos, which produce a degree of subjective irritation disproportionately greater than that which might be expected on the basis of their edema-producing properties.

Studies on the acute toxicity and irritating properties of the congeners in whisky

Abstract The acute oral toxicity of a series of congeneric fractions prepared from whisky, their synthetic prototypes, furfural, and purified ethyl alcohol has been determined in rats. Of these materials furfural, an found to be the most toxic (LD50 = 0.135 ± 0.015 g/kg) and purified ethyl alcohol the least toxic (LD50 = 10.4 ± 0.75 g/kg). With the exception of the acid fraction, the effects of the other congeners came on more quickly and in surviving animals disappeared more quickly than was the case with ethyl alcohol. The acutely irritating effects of these same materials were studied on the rabbit eye. The acid fractions were found to be by far the most irritating, the other congeners fell in a middle range between this fraction and purified ethyl alcohol, which was the least irritating. The role which the congeners might play in the over-all pharmacologic action of whisky remains largely to be determined. The present state of knowledge would seem to suggest that their concentrations in whisky be kept in general at a minimal level compatible with their satisfactory contribution to its flavor, bouquet, and color.

EFFECTS OF ADDING GAMMA-IRRADIATED GREEN BEANS OR FRUIT COMPOTE TO THE DIET OF DOGS.

Abstract Irradiated and nonirradiated green beans and fruit compote have been added to the diet of pure-bred beagle dogs in amount equal to 35% of the dry solids fed for a period of two years. No effects attributable to irradiated food were apparent as regards growth, food efficiency, reproduction, hematology, or histopathology. A possible exception of unknown biologic significance was a trend toward increased spleen weights in animals receiving the irradiated food.