J. M. Lamarre

The Comet Halley flyby I.R. sounder “I.K.S.”

Abstract An infrared sounder is being developed in France to observe in 1986 Comet Halley from the Soviet “VEGA” flyby probes. The instrument, called “I.K.S.”, has three measuring channels. Two of these channels will provide the spectrum of the comet emission in the spectral intervals 2.5–5.0 μ and 6–12 μ, at a constant resolution λ/Δλ = 50. The third channel analyzes the comet I.R. image at a spatial frequency of about 1 arc minute −1 ; two I.R. colours are used in this channel: 7–10 μ and 10–14 μ. From the results expected, it is hoped that (1) most primary simple molecules emitted by the nucleus will be identified; (2) the chemical composition and perhaps crystalline structure of the dust grains and ices released by the comet will be derived; and (3) the diameter of the nucleus and its brightness temperatures will be measured.

The 2.5 to 5 microns spectrum of comet Halley from the IKS instrument of Vega

Results of the 2.5–5 micron spectroscopic channel of the IKS instrument on Vega are reported and the data reduction process is described. H2O and CO2 molecules have been detected with production rates of 1030 s−1 and 1.5 1028 s−1 respectively. Emission features between 3.3 and 3.7 microns are tentatively attributed to CH - bearing compounds - CO is marginally detected with a mixing ratio CO/H2O ⩽ 0.2. OH emission and H2O - ice absorption might also be present in the spectra.

Infrared observation of the nucleus of comet Halley with the IKS instrument from the VEGA 1 probe

Abstract The Infrared thermal emission of the nucleus has been observed by the imaging channel of the infrared spectrometer IKS during the fly-by of Comet Halley by the VEGA 1 probe. An emissive region with a temperature in excess of 300 K has been detected. The results are compatible with a simplified model assuming a spherical nucleus covered by an insulating black material.

The instrument IKS and its calibration

Abstract The IKS infrared spectro-photometer will fly on board the VEGA platforms. It is designed to characterize the size, temperature and emissivity of the Comet Halley nucleus, to identify the major gaseous components of the inner coma and to detect the emission of the cometary grains. This paper presents the “calibration” experiments required to reduce the raw data: (i) absolute wavelength calibration of the filter wheels; (ii) modeling of the internal signal, as a function of the temperature of the different sub-systems; (iii) absolute and spectral responsivities of each of the spectrometric and photometric channels, as a function of the wavelength and position of the source in the field of view. Finally, we shall indicate the expected S/N ratios.

The infrared imaging channel of the IKS instrument for detection of Comet Halley nucleus

Abstract The imaging Channel of the IKS Instrument placed on board the Vega fly-by probes will perform measurements of the infrared emission of the central region of Comet Halley at distances in the 10 4 − 10 5 km range. An encoding wheel analyses one spatial frequency of the infrared image during the whole fly-by. Inversion of this measurement will give low resolution brightness profiles of the nucleus and its immediate surroundings, in two wave-length bandpasses and in two directions of analysis.