J. Marton

Quantum explorations: from the waltz of the Pauli exclusion principle to the rock of the spontaneous collapse

The spin–statistics connection, in particular the Pauli exclusion principle (PEP), plays a very important role in our comprehension of matter and nature. Presently, the PEP violation, possible within some theories, generates a lively debate; it has given birth to a few experiments looking for tiny effects. The violation of the Pauli exclusion principle experiment put a very strong limit on the PEP violation probability by electrons, using the method of searching for PEP forbidden atomic transitions in a copper target. In this paper we present this experiment, the obtained results and future plans to upgrade the experimental setup with fast silicon drift detectors. We then present the idea of using an analogous experimental technique to search for x-rays as a signature of the spontaneous collapse of the wave function, predicted by the continuous spontaneous localization theories, and some very encouraging preliminary results.

Kaonic hydrogen X-ray measurement in SIDDHARTA

Abstract Kaonic hydrogen atoms provide a unique laboratory to probe the kaon–nucleon strong interaction at the energy threshold, allowing an investigation of the interplay between spontaneous and explicit chiral symmetry breaking in low-energy QCD. The SIDDHARTA Collaboration has measured the K -series X rays of kaonic hydrogen atoms at the DAΦNE electron–positron collider of Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, and has determined the most precise values of the strong-interaction induced shift and width of the 1 s atomic energy level. This result provides vital constraints on the theoretical description of the low-energy K ¯ N interaction.

First measurement of kaonic helium-3 X-rays

The first observation of the kaonic 3He 3d→2p transition was made, using slow K− mesons stopped in a gaseous 3He target. The kaonic atom X-rays were detected with large-area silicon drift detectors using the timing information of the K+K− pairs of ϕ-meson decays produced by the DAΦNE e+e− collider. The strong interaction shift of the kaonic 3He 2p state was determined to be −2±2(stat)±4(syst) eV.Scattering of fermion off dilaton black hole has been extensively studied over the years [1–3, 5–11] and it has provided much insight into its connection to the Hawking radiation. Even after the intensive investigations it remains as a subject of several interests because of the subtleties involved in it in connection with information loss scenario during the formation and subsequent evaporation of black hole. It is worth mentioning at this stage that a controversy in this context was generated from the Hawking’s suggestion [1] three decades ago. However his recent suggestion on this issue [4] has brought back a pretty pleasant scenario. It may even be thought that the controversy has come to an end. General description of such scattering problem is extremely difficult. Despite that, there have been attempts in studying such problem in its full complexity through the s-matrix description of such event [2]. Comparatively less complicated model therefore entered into the picture and showed its prominent role in this issue [5–9]. The toy model due to Alford and Strominger [5] provides an interesting description of the s-wave scattering of fermion off dilaton black hole with a trustworthy results concerning information loss. It helps to avoid some of the technical obstacle posed by quantum gravity in (3 + 1). Even in the presence of gravitational anomaly a systematic description of this scattering of fermion off dilaton would have been possible through this model [10, 11]. The provision of taking the effect of one loop correction [12, 13] into consideration is also an exiting aspect of this model. That indeed shows a way to investigate the effect of anomaly [10, 11] on this scattering phenomena. Notably, this model arose in two dimensional non-critical string theory and its black hole solution was discovered in [14]. Few years back Mitra studied this scattering problem replacing Dirac fermion by chiral fermion and found an uncomfortable scenario [10]. He observed that information failed to be preserved. With the use of anomaly we have shown that that disaster can be avoided [11]. Anomaly played there a very surprising as well as interesting role. Seeing the interesting role of anomaly on the s-wave scattering of chiral fermion [10, 11] we are intended here to investigate the role of one loop correction on the s-wave scattering of Dirac fermion using the said toy model due to Alford and Strominger [5]. Needless to mention that the counter term appeared here due to one loop correction looks similar to the term used in [11].

Search for the deeply bound K–pp state from the semi-inclusive forward-neutron spectrum in the in-flight K– reaction on helium-3

T. Hashimoto †1,*, S. Ajimura2, G. Beer3, H. Bhang4, M. Bragadireanu5, L. Busso7,8, M. Cargnelli6, S. Choi4, C. Curceanu9, S. Enomoto2, D. Faso7,8, H. Fujioka10, Y. Fujiwara1, T. Fukuda11, C. Guaraldo9, R. S. Hayano1, T. Hiraiwa2, M. Iio12, M. Iliescu9, K. Inoue13, Y. Ishiguro10, T. Ishikawa1, S. Ishimoto12, K. Itahashi14, M. Iwai12, M. Iwasaki14,15, Y. Kato14, S. Kawasaki13, P. Kienle‡16, H. Kou15, Y. Ma14, J. Marton6, Y. Matsuda17, Y. Mizoi11, O. Morra7, T. Nagae10, H. Noumi2, H. Ohnishi14,2, S. Okada14, H. Outa14, K. Piscicchia9, M. Poli Lener9, A. Romero Vidal9, Y. Sada10, A. Sakaguchi13, F. Sakuma14, M. Sato14, A. Scordo9, M. Sekimoto12, H. Shi9, D. Sirghi9,5, F. Sirghi9,5, S. Suzuki12, T. Suzuki1, K. Tanida4, H. Tatsuno1, M. Tokuda15, D. Tomono10, A. Toyoda12, K. Tsukada18, O. Vazquez Doce9,19, E. Widmann6, T. Yamaga13, T. Yamazaki1,14, H. Yim20, Q. Zhang14, and J. Zmeskal6

Preliminary study of kaonic deuterium X-rays by the SIDDHARTA experiment at DAΦNE

The study of the K¯N system at very low energies plays a key role for the understanding of the strong interaction between hadrons in the strangeness sector. At the DAΦNE electron–positron collider of Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati we studied kaonic atoms with Z=1 and Z=2, taking advantage of the low-energy charged kaons from Φ-mesons decaying nearly at rest. The SIDDHARTA experiment used X-ray spectroscopy of the kaonic atoms to determine the transition yields and the strong interaction induced shift and width of the lowest experimentally accessible level (1s for H and D and 2p for He). Shift and width are connected to the real and imaginary part of the scattering length. To disentangle the isospin dependent scattering lengths of the antikaon–nucleon interaction, measurements of K−p and of K−d are needed. We report here on an exploratory deuterium measurement, from which a limit for the yield of the K-series transitions was derived: Y(Ktot)<0.0143 and Y(Kα)<0.0039 (CL 90%). Also, the upcoming SIDDHARTA-2 kaonic deuterium experiment is introduced.

Measurements of the strong-interaction widths of the kaonic 3He and 4He 2p levels

The kaonic 3He and 4He X-rays emitted in the 3d→2p transitions were measured in the SIDDHARTA experiment. The widths of the kaonic 3He and 4He 2p states were determined to be Γ2p(He3)=6±6(stat.)±7 (syst.) eV, and Γ2p(He4)=14±8 (stat.)±5 (syst.) eV, respectively. Both results are consistent with the theoretical predictions. The width of kaonic 4He is much smaller than the value of 55±34 eV determined by the experiments performed in the 70ʼs and 80ʼs, while the width of kaonic 3He was determined for the first time.

A new method to obtain a precise value of the mass of the charged kaon

Abstract The results of a feasibility study performed by measuring, with a test setup at the collider DAΦNE of Frascati, two previously unobserved transitions of kaonic nitrogen, demonstrated the possibility to make a precision measurement of the mass of the charged kaon.

K− absorption on two nucleons and ppK− bound state search in the Σ0p final state

Abstract We report the measurement of K − absorption processes in the Σ 0 p final state and the first exclusive measurement of the two nucleon absorption (2NA) with the KLOE detector. The 2NA process without further interactions is found to be 9% of the sum of all other contributing processes, including absorption on three and more nucleons or 2NA followed by final state interactions with the residual nucleons. We also determine the possible contribution of the ppK − bound state to the Σ 0 p final state. The yield of ppK − / K stop − is found to be ( 0.044 ± 0.009 stat − 0.005 + 0.004 syst ) ⋅ 10 − 2 but its statistical significance based on an F-test is only 1 σ .

Absolute Energy Calibration of X-ray TESs with 0.04 eV Uncertainty at 6.4 keV in a Hadron-Beam Environment

A performance evaluation of superconducting transition-edge sensors (TESs) in the environment of a pion beam line at a particle accelerator is presented. Averaged across the 209 functioning sensors in the array, the achieved energy resolution is 5.2 eV FWHM at Co