J. Ramón Formas

A NEW SPECIES OF TELMATOBIUS (ANURA: LEPTODACTYLIDAE) FROM RÍO VILAMA, NORTHERN CHILE, AND THE REDESCRIPTION OF T. HALLI NOBLE

We describe a new species, Telmatobius vilamensis, from Río Vilama, near San Pedro de Atacama, Chile. Previously confused with Telmatobius halli Noble, 1938, this new species is diagnosed by distinct characteristics of the adult and larval morphology and chromosomes. The new species is the southernmost representative of the genus Telmatobius in Chile. Telmatobius halli Noble, 1938 is redescribed, and both taxa are compared with eight Chilean congeners that occur in the Andes. Resumen Describimos una nueva especie; Telmatobius vilamensis del Río Vilama, cerca de San Pedro de Atacama, Chile. Previamente confundida con T. halli Noble, 1938, esta nueva especie es descrita en base a caracteres de la morfología externa de las larvas y adultos, osteología y cromosomas. La nueva especie es el representante más sureño del género Telmatobius en Chile. Adicionalmente, se redescribe T. halli y se comparan ambos taxa con las restantes especies del género reportadas para Chile.

A new species of Alsodes (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae) from Central Chile

A new species of frog, Alsodes hugoi , from the temperate Nothofagus forest of Central Chile, is described. Up to now, no sympatric occurrence of other congeneric species is known from the type locality. Karyotypically, this new species is included in the monticola group, whose species have 26 chromosomes. Una nueva especie de rana, Alsodes hugoi , es descrita para el bosque temperado de Nothofagus de Chile Central. Hasta hoy no se ha encontrado otra especie congenerica en la localidad tipica. Desde el punto de vista cariologico, la nueva especie es incluida en el grupo monticola cuyas especies tienen 26 cromosomas.

Alsodes Australis, A New Species of Leptodactylid Frog from the Temperate Nothofagus Forest of Southern Chile and Argentina

AbstractA new species of frog, Alsodes australis, is described from the temperate Nothofagus forest of southern Chile and Argentina, based on adults and tadpoles. Up to now, no sympatric occurrence of another congeneric species is known from the type locality. The genus comprises three species groups. From a karyological point of view this species is included in the monticola group, whose species have 26 chromosomes.

Telmatobius philippii, una nueva especie de rana acuática de Ollagüe, norte de Chile (Leptodactylidae)

A new species of aquatic frog, Telmatobius philippii, is described in the proximity of Ollague, II Region, Andes range, northern Chile. The new taxon has moderate-sized (46.10-53.70 mm), granular flanks, tongue oval, unnotched; attached anteriorly about 75 % of its length, maxillary and premaxillary teeth present, tadpole with lateral line system conspicuous. The description of the new species is completed with, osteological, chromosomic, ecological and larval information. Telmatobius philippii is compared with other Chilean species of the genus Telmatobius.

Allozyme variation and geographic differentiation in the Chilean leptodactylid frog Batrachyla taeniata (Girard, 1854)

Electrophoretic variation in proteins encoded by 15 loci was analyzed in nine populations of the Chilean leptodactylid frog Batrachyla taeniata . The overall proportion of polymorphic loci was estimated to be 16.2% and the average number of alleles per locus, 1.18. The mean observed and expected heterozygosities for the populations were 0.9% and 5.9%, respectively. The average Rogers genetic distance among pairs of populations was 0.105. F statistics analysis showed high levels of genetic subdivision (F st = 0.450). An isolation-by-distance test indicated significant correlation between genetic and geographical distance. Resumen. Se analizo la variabilidad electroforetica de proteinas codificadas por 15 loci en nueve poblaciones de la rana leptodactilida chilena Batrachyla taeniata . La proporcion general de loci polimorficos se estimo en 16,2% y el numero promedio de alelos por locus en 1,18. Las heterocigosidades observadas y esperadas promedio fueron 0,9% y 5,9% respectivamente. El promedio de la distancia de Rogers entre pares de poblaciones fue 0,105. El analisis estadistico de F mostro altos niveles de subdivision genetica (F st = 0,450). El analisis del aislamiento por distancia indico una correlacion significativa entre la distancia genetica y la distancia geografica.

Evolutionary history of the Chilean frog genus Telmatobufo (Leptodactylidae): an immunological approach

The quantitative micro-complement fixation technique was used to estimate degrees of relatedness and times of divergence between Caudiverbera and Telmatobufo . The data suggest that the lineages leading to Caudiverbera and Telmatobufo diverged about 35 million years ago. The divergence time among the three species of Telmatobufo was estimated to be 20-25 million years. Ouchterlony tests did not show immunological identity among T. australis and T. bullocki with Caudiverbera , while T. venustus showed partial identity. These analyses suggest that two groups can be recognized within the genus Telmatobufo . The molecular weights of albumins were similar among the Telmatobufo species and slightly lower in C. caudiverbera . Se estimo el grado de parentesco y tiempo de divergencia entre Caudiverbera y Telmatobufo a traves del ensayo de microfijacion de complemento. Los resultados sugieren que el linaje que condujo a Caudiverbera y Telmatobufo divergio hace 35 millones de anos. El tiempo de divergencia entre las especies de Telmatobufo se estimo entre 20-25 millones de anos. El ensayo de Ouchterlony no mostro identidad inmunologica entre T. australis y T. bullocki con Caudiverbera , mientras que T. venustus mostro identidad parcial. Mediante estos analisis fue posible reconocer dos grupos dentro de Telmatobufo . Los pesos moleculares de las albuminas fueron similares entre las especies de Telmatobufo y un poco mas bajo en Caudiverbera .

Allozymic and morphological differentiation among three South American frogs, genus Eupsophus (E. roseus, E. insularis and E. contulmoensis)

1. Three species of the frog, genus Eupsophus, were examined using electrophoresis at 21 loci, and nine morphological characters employing discriminant and principal components analyses. 2. The allozymic and morphological differentiation patterns do not agree. 3. It is suggested that selective pressures are responsible for the incongruence of both sets of characters.

Biochemical variation in the South American leptodactylid frog Eupsophus roseus

Abstract 1. 1. Seven populations of the frog Eupsophus roseus were examined using electrophoresis at 22 loci. 2. 2. The overall mean genetic identity and genetic distance among the populations were 0.930 ± 0.037 and 0.070 ± 0.041 , respectively. 3. 3. The low allozymic variability among the populations does not agree with the interpopulational morphological polymorphism. 4. 4. It is suggested that selective pressures are responsible for the incongruence of both sets of characters.

A new frog of the genus Alsodes (Leptodactylidae) from the Tolhuaca National Park, Andes Range, southern Chile

A new species, Alsodes igneus, from the temperate Nothofagus forest, western slopes of the Andes Range, southern Chile, is described. This species is characterized by the combination of the following characters: snout short slightly truncated in dorsal view, a black ribbon extending below the canthus rostralis, unbarred legs and arms, heel not reaching the posterior border of the eye when hind leg is bent forward, toes scarcely fringed, webbing absent, dorsal surface granular. Its karyotype has 26 bi-armed chromosomes and it is characterized by presenting the secondary constriction and nucleolus organizer regions in the short arm of pair seven.

Osteología, taxonomía y relaciones filogenéticas de las ranas del género Telmatobufo (Leptodactylidae)

Se hizo un analisis osteologico de las especies del genero Telmatobufo (T. australis, T. bullocki, T. venustus), el que completa la definicion generica fundamentada exclusivamente en la osteologia de T. bullocki y caracteres larvarios. Para cada especie se entrega nueva informacion distribucional, ecologica, reproductiva, morfometrica, cromosomica, alozimica y molecular. Se presenta una clave para identificar individuos adultos de las tres especies de Telmatobufo. Se publica por primera vez una lamina de Philippi perdida por casi un siglo, lo que permite aclarar de manera definitiva la identidad taxonomica de T. venustus. Con las distancias de Mahalanobis y las distancias geneticas de Rogers se determinan las similitudes morfologicas y geneticas entre las especies de Telmatobufo. Usando las secuencias para ARN 12S mitocondrial, frecuencias alelicas polarizadas de genes estructurales y caracteres morfologicos (osteologicos y morfologicos externos) se propone una hipotesis de relaciones filogeneticas basada en los principios de maxima parsimonia y maxima probabilidad. Finalmente se entrega una proposicion acerca de la especiacion e historia evolutiva de este grupo de ranas endemicas de los bosques templados del centro-sur de Chile