J. Sikora

CESR status and performance

Machine performance for the running period is reviewed with an emphasis on phenomena associated with the large number of parasitic crossings peculiar to a single ring collider with multi-bunch beams.

Longitudinal feedback at CESR

Total stored electron and positron beam currents at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) have been limited by the presence of a dipole multibunch longitudinal instability having a threshold at approximately 250 mA of total current. A longitudinal feedback system has been under constant development, test, operation and upgrade over the past several years. The result has been an increase in the High Energy Physics operating current to over 500 mA total. This paper describes the overall design of the present system, using a horizontal stripline kicker to produce combined horizontal and longitudinal bunch by bunch beam stabilization. Some details on specific subsystems, including: receiver design, individual bunch phase DC offset correction, digital signal filtering, and the RF modulator will be given, as well as an outline of plans for further development.

Operation of a fast digital transverse feedback system in CESR

We have developed a time domain transverse feedback system with the high bandwidth needed to control transverse instabilities when the CESR e/sup +/e/sup -/ collider is filled with trains of closely spaced bunches. This system is based on parallel digital processors and a stripline driver. It is capable of acting on arbitrary patterns of bunches having a minimum spacing of 14 ns. Several simplifying features have been introduced. A single shorted stripline kicker driven by one power amplifier is used to control both counter-rotating beams. The desired feedback phase is achieved by sampling the bunch position at a single location on two independently selectable beam revolutions. The system adapts to changes in the betatron tune, bunch pattern, or desired damping rate through the loading of new parameters into the digital processors via the CESR control system. The feedback system also functions as a fast gated bunch current monitor. Both vertical and horizontal loops are now used in CESR operation. The measured betatron damping rates with the transverse feedback system in operation are in agreement with the analytical prediction and a computer simulation developed in connection with this work.

Beam-beam interaction with a horizontal crossing angle

Abstract We report measurements of the dependence of luminosity and beam-beam tune-shift parameter on horizontal crossing angle at a single interaction point in the Cornell Electron Storage Ring. The report is based on data collected between September 1991 and January 1992 at CESR. For head-on collisions (zero crossing angle) the achieved tune-shift parameter is ξ v = 0.03 ± 0.002 at 11 mA/bunch. For a crossing half-angle of θ c = ± 2.4 mrad, we achieve ξ v = 0.024 ± 0.002 at similar bunch currents. The data suggest some degradation of performance if the trajectory through the interaction region is distorted magnetically even while head-on collisions are preserved. Therefore at least some of the observed dependence of tune-shift parameter on crossing angle may be due to the associated large displacement of the beam trajectories in the interaction region optics. Furthermore, with the introduction of the crossing angle, the algorithm for optimizing luminosity is significantly complicated due to linear optical errors and the solenoid compensation. We interpret the measured tune-shift parameter at θ c = 2.4 mrad as a lower limit to what can ultimately be achieved.

Electron Cloud Buildup Characterization Using Shielded Pickup Measurements and Custom Modeling Code at CESRTA

The Cornell Electron Storage Ring Test Accelerator experimental program includes investigations into electron cloud buildup, applying various mitigation techniques in custom vacuum chambers. Among these are two 1.1-m-long sections located symmetrically in the east and west arc regions. These chambers are equipped with pickup detectors shielded against the direct beam-induced signal. They detect cloud electrons migrating through an 18-mm-diameter pattern of small holes in the top of the chamber. A digitizing oscilloscope is used to record the signals, providing time-resolved information on cloud development. Carbon-coated, TiN-coated and uncoated aluminum chambers have been tested. Electron and positron beams of 2.1, 4.0 and 5.3 GeV with a variety of bunch populations and spacings in steps of 4 and 14 ns have been used. Here we report on results from the ECLOUD modeling code which highlight the sensitivity of these measurements to the physical phenomena determining cloud buildup such as the photoelectron production azimuthal and energy distributions, and the secondary yield parameters including the true secondary, re-diffused, and elastic yield values.

Performance of the beam stabilizing feedback systems at CESR

The operation of CESR as an electron-positron collider using trains of bunches requires, the use of beam stabilizing feedback systems at routine operating currents. These systems operate on the longitudinal and both transverse modes of dipole oscillation. The experience in routine operations and feedback system performance will be presented.

Measurement of electron trapping in the Cornell Electron Storage Ring

The buildup of low-energy electrons has been shown to affect the performance of a wide variety of particle accelerators. Of particular concern is the persistence of the cloud between beam bunch passages, which can impose limitations on the stability of operation at high beam current. We have obtained measurements of long-lived electron clouds trapped in the field of a quadrupole magnet in a positron storage ring, with lifetimes much longer than the revolution period. Based on modeling, we estimate that about 7% of the electrons in the cloud generated by a 20-bunch train of 5.3 GeV positrons with 16-ns spacing and

Electron Cloud Density Measurements in Accelerator Beam-pipe Using Resonant Microwave Excitation

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TE Wave Measurement and Modeling

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Using passive cavities for bunch shortening in CESR

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