J. U. V. Moreira

New soybean (Glycine max Fabales, Fabaceae) sources of qualitative genetic resistance to Asian soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi (Uredinales, Phakopsoraceae)

Asian soybean rust (ASR), caused by the phytopathogenic fungi Phakopsora pachyrhizi, has caused large reductions in soybean (Glycine max) yield in most locations in Brazil where it has occurred since it was first reported in May 2001. Primary efforts to combat the disease involve the development of resistant cultivars, and four dominant major genes (Rpp1, Rpp2, Rpp3 and Rpp4) controlling resistance to ASR have been reported in the literature. To develop new long-lasting soybean ASR resistance genes, we used field experiments to assess ASR leaf lesion type in 11 soybean genotypes (BR01-18437, BRS 184, BRS 231, BRS 232, BRSGO Chapadoes, DM 339, Embrapa 48, PI 200487, PI 230970, PI 459025-A and PI 200526) and the 55 F2 generations derived from their biparental diallel crosses. The results indicated that PI 200487 and PI 200526 carry different dominant resistance major genes which are both different from Rpp2 through Rpp4. Furthermore, resistance to ASR in BR01-18437 is controlled by a single recessive major gene, also different from Rpp1 through Rpp4 and different from the genes in PI 200487 and PI 200526.

Interação genótipo-ambiente de soja convencional e transgênica resistente a glifosato, no Estado do Paraná

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: comparar a produtividade e a adaptacao de genotipos de soja convencional e de soja transgenica resistente ao herbicida glifosato, de diferentes grupos de maturacao, desenvolvidos pelo programa de melhoramento da Embrapa Soja para o Estado do Parana; estudar a importância relativa dos efeitos de local, ano, cultivar e suas respectivas interacoes; e verificar a possibilidade de se estratificar o Estado em regioes mais homogeneas, para reduzir o numero de locais nos ensaios de competicao de linhagens. Foram utilizados dados de produtividade de graos de ensaios regionais, no Estado do Parana, entre 2001 e 2005. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso. A possibilidade de se realizar a estratificacao do Estado em regioes mais homogeneas e de descarte de locais foi verificada pela significância da interacao genotipo x ambiente entre locais. Nao houve diferenca significativa de produtividade entre a soja convencional e a transgenica, independentemente do grupo de maturacao. O efeito de local foi mais importante que o efeito de ano, na composicao dos ambientes. A estratificacao do Estado do Parana em regioes nao trouxe vantagens, nos anos analisados, para os testes de linhagens; apenas os locais da regiao Sul mostraram algum grau de similaridade entre si.

Genetic control of soybean (Glycine max) yield in the absence and presence of the Asian rust fungus (Phakopsora pachyrhizi)

Soybean is one of the most important crops in Brazil and continuously generates demands for production technologies, such as cultivars resistant to diseases. In recent years, the Asian rust fungus (Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. & P. Syd 1914) has caused severe yield losses and the development of resistant cultivars is the best means of control. Understanding the genetic control and estimating parameters associated with soybean (Glycine max) resistance to P. pachyrhizi will provide essential information for cultivar selection. We investigated quantitative genetic control of P. pachyrhizi and estimated parameters associated to soybean yield in the absence and presence of this phytopathogen. Six cultivars and their 15 diallel derived F2 and F3 generations were assessed in experiments carried out in the absence and presence of P. pachyrhizi. The results indicated that soybean yield in the presence and absence of P. pachyrhizi is controlled by polygenes expressing predominantly additive effects that can be selected to develop new cultivars resistant or tolerant to P. pachyrhizi. These cultivars may prove to be a useful and more durable alternative than cultivars carrying major resistance genes.

Development and characterization of an innovative synbiotic fermented beverage based on vegetable soybean

Soymilk was produced from vegetable soybean and fermented by probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5, Bifidobacterium animalis Bb-12) in co-culture with Streptococcus thermophilus. The composition of the fermented beverage and oligosaccharides content were determined. The effect of fructooligosaccharides and inulin on the fermentation time and viability of probiotic microorganisms throughout 28 days of storage at 5 °C were evaluated. The soymilk from vegetable soybeans was fermented in just 3.2 h, when pH reached 4.8. Fermentation reduced the contents of stachyose and raffinose in soymilk. Prebiotics had no effect on acidification rate and on viability of B. animalis and S. thermophilus in the fermented beverage. The viable counts of B. animalis Bb-12 remained above 108 CFU mL−1 in the fermented soymilk during 28 days of storage at 5 °C while L. acidophilus La-5 was decreased by 1 log CFU mL−1. The fermented soymilk from vegetable soybeans showed to be a good food matrix to deliver probiotic bacteria, as well as a soy product with a lower content of non-digestible oligosaccharides.

Estudo Comparativo da Sobrevivência de Bactérias Probióticas em Extratos Hidrossolúveis de Soja Verde e Madura

Erica Sayuri Ichimura, Carolina Battistini, Jose Ubirajara Vieira Moreira, Leo Kunigk, Eliana Paula Ribeiro, Cynthia Jurkiewicz Kunigk.Estudo Comparativo da Sobrevivencia de Bacterias Probioticas em Extratos Hidrossoluveis de Soja Verde e Madura. In: Anais do 12o Congresso Latinoamericano de Microbiologia e Higiene de Alimentos MICROAL 2014 [= Blucher Food Science Proceedings, num.1, vol.1]. Sao Paulo: Editora Blucher, 2014. DOI 10.5151/foodsci-microal-036 Estudo Comparativo da Sobrevivencia de Bacterias Probioticas em Extratos Hidrossoluveis de Soja Verde e Madura