J. V. Craig

Agonistic behaviour influenced by strangeness, crowding and heredity in female domestic fowl (Gallus gallus) ☆

Abstract Effects of strangeness, crowding and heredity on agonistic behaviour in the female domestic fowl were investigated. Strains differentiated for social dominance ability within each of two breeds were used. Significant differences were found between flocks within strain-treatment groups for several criteria of agonistic behaviour, indicating a critical need for adequate replication in such studies. Strangeness and crowding were associated with higher frequencies of social interaction than found in socially undisturbed and uncrowded flocks. Results suggested, however, that individual rates of social interaction were reduced by crowding. Distances between nearest neighbours, compared to distances expected with random distribution, were greater for crowded than for uncrowded flocks. Social interaction frequencies and variances of social tension indexes were greater within socially dominant strains indicating higher levels of social stress. A large breed difference in behavioural response to changing flock membership was found. However, strains within breeds failed to show differential responses in social interaction frequency, when subjected to changing flock membership or crowding.

Allotype synthesis by adult donors' leukocytes and spleen cells injected into newly hatched chicks.

SUMMARY A model for detecting donor cells in chimeric chickens, utilizing genetically determined allotypes, was presented. Results indicated that: (1) donor cells functioned in their new milieu for at least. 13 months for leukocytes and 6 months for spleen cells: (2) donor allotype, when found in recipient sera, occasionally reached levels comparable to those found in donor-type individuals; (3) cells found in the blood of a chimera 2 months after initial transfer of spleen cells were still capable of inducing tolerance and producing original donor allotype when retransferred to newly hatched chicks. Differences in persistence of tolerance because of number and type of cell used, temporary disappearance of donor allotype, and possible use of Fi cells to improve the performance of inbred animals were investigated and discussed.

Time-restricted feeding of pigs: social and feeding behavior

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