J. Van Cleynenbreugel

Road extraction from multi-temporal satellite images by an evidential reasoning approach

Road networks extracted from multi-temporal SPOT images of the same scene are matched to collect evidence for individual road segments. The Dempster-Shafer theory is applied to find a degree of confirmation for a road segment in one network based on its corresponding lines in the other networks.

A software environment for image database research

Abstract Image databases that allow retrieval of data by referring to the image contents need an image analysis module. In this paper we will describe the features of ‘I-see’, a knowledge-based software environment that we have designed specifically for image analysis. We will assess the usefulness of this tool for the development of interpretation modules for image databases. Two important research topics are investigated. First, precompilation of the image contents is necessary for efficient retrieval. Second, query by image contents must allow access to objects and situations represented in the images. Our approach will be to look at these database functionalities in general image analysis terms. In this sense, precompilation will be considered as a special case of image interpretation, query specification as a form of model description while query retrieval will be viewed in terms of model instantiation and selection. Although the ‘I-see’ tool already contains features that can be used as image database parts, the paper will consider the tool as a research platform rather than as an image database module.

Research: Annotating radiological images for computer assisted communication and teaching

The simple but powerful idea of annotating radiological images by pointing out and naming can be exploited for multimedia communication and teaching purposes. In this paper we describe a family of Unix workstation-based demonstrators to implement different facets of this paradigm in a radiology environment. We provide technical details on each demonstrator, and discuss results from validation experiments.

Knowledge-based improvement of automatic image interpretation for restricted scenes: two case studies

Abstract The paper explores the usefulness and applicability of knowledge-based image interpretation. By limiting the analysis to ‘restricted’ scenes, a bottom-up strategy has been developed to improve a primal image segmentation. Two case studies are discussed: the first deals with medical X-rays, the second with satellite images (SPOT). In both projects, generic geometrical knowledge is encoded in the format of production rules. The results obtained so far are encouraging and are already of practical use. Ways to extend the knowledge bases by more specific domain knowledge are mentioned.

I-see: An AI tool for image understanding

Abstract The paper describes a software environment in development that supports the implementation of image understanding applications. The described environment, called I-see, is implemented on top of the object oriented KEE ∗ system and focuses on the iconical representation and exploration of visual data. The system offers an interface between the high-level symbolic reasoning mechanisms of KEE and the raw image data and iconically represented image models or segmentation results.

Knowledge-Based Segmentation of Subtraction Angiograms

Work in progress on knowledge-based blood vessel segmentation of subtraction angiograms is reported. The proposed approach is centered around different modular stages which are linked through the concept of a multi-layered image representation. At the bottom level classical image processing techniques are used to extract edges, center lines and bars. At the intermediate stage, low-level geometrical knowledge has been encoded to construct blood vessel segments. The higher levels will contain general blood vessel knowledge and application domain-dependent knowledge in order to create a final representation of the blood vessels. Although the system is only partly implemented, a result already of practical use will be discussed.

Iconic representation of visual data and models

Abstract Knowledge based image analysis is a combination of digital signal processing and symbolic reasoning. In this paper, we will look at some problems connected to the symbolic reasoning approach to image interpretation and see how an iconic representation can help to solve some of them. We will show that many of the features and problems connected with both symbolic and iconic representation are complementary.

A Pointing Out and Naming Paradigm to Support Radiological Teaching and Case-Oriented Learning.

The simple but powerful idea of annotating images by pointing out and naming is ubiquitous in radiological practice. It is used both by a senior radiologist transferring knowledge to juniors and by any radiologist explaining a case. Pointing out can be realized by pointing devices (finger, pencil, arrows); naming mostly consists of a spoken comment or of a written text. Therefore, radiological examination is multimedia by nature, involving images, annotations, voice, and text. In this paper we discuss an implementation of this paradigm in a UNIX workstation-based multimedia environment for case-oriented learning and teaching. We focus on the authoring and the presentation of radiological study material within this system. Possible scenarios for radiological teaching are discussed. Results from validation experiments conclude the paper.

A Knowledge-Based System For The Recognition Of Roads On SPOT Satellite Images

Due to the resolution of current satellite imagery (e.g. SPOT), the extraction of roads and linear networks from satellite data has become a feasible - although labour-intensive - task for a human expert. This interpretation problem relies on structural image recognition as well as on expertise in combining data sources external to the image data (e.g. topography, landcover classification). In this paper different knowledge sources employed by human interpreters are discussed. Ways to implement these sources using current knowledge-based tools are suggested. A practical case study of knowledge integration is described.

I-see: an AI-tool for image understanding

A software environment that supports the implementation of image understanding applications is described. The environment, called I-see, is implemented on top of the object-oriented KEE system and focuses on the iconic representation and exploration of visual data. The system offers an interface between the high-level symbolic reasoning mechanisms of KEE and the raw image data and iconically represented image models or segmentation results. An example problem of interpreting satellite images shows the use of this iconically represented knowledge in the form of a terrain elevation image. In this specific example, the iconic representation could be used directly without the need for a complementary symbolic description. The iconic and symbolic representation schemes can be used to supplement each other and can be related by the use of label images.<<ETX>>