J.Y. Cho

Measurement of nuchal skin fold thickness in the second trimester: influence of imaging angle and fetal presentation

To assess the effect of imaging angle and fetal presentation on the measurement of nuchal skin fold thickness (NFT) in the second trimester.

Prenatal diagnosis of horseshoe kidney by measurement of the renal pelvic angle

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of measurement of the angle between bilateral renal pelves on axial views in the prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of horseshoe kidney.

Congenital curly toe of the fetus

To assess the prevalence, prenatal detection rate, and associated anomalies of congenital curly toe in an unselected obstetric population.

Association Between Coronary Artery Calcification and the Hemoglobin Glycation Index: The Kangbuk Samsung Health Study

Context The hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) is known to be correlated with the risk for cardiovascular disease. Objective To analyze the association between incident coronary artery calcification (CAC) and the changes in HGI among participants without diabetes, over 4 years. Design, Setting, Participants, and Outcome Measures A retrospective study of 2052 nondiabetic participants in whom the coronary artery calcium score was measured repeatedly over 4 years, as part of a health checkup program in Kangbuk Samsung Hospital in Korea, and who had no CAC at baseline. The HGI was defined as the difference between the measured and predicted hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. Results A total of 201 participants developed CAC after 4 years, and the mean baseline HGI was significantly higher in those patients. The incidence of CAC gradually increased from the first to the fourth quartile groups of baseline HGI. The odds ratio (OR) for incident CAC was the highest among the four groups divided by the quartiles of the baseline HGI and was significant after adjustment for confounding variables (vs first quartile group: OR, 1.632; 95% confidence interval, 1.024 to 2.601). The incidence of and risk for CAC development were significantly higher than in other groups compared with the low-to-low group after adjustment for confounding factors; however, when baseline HbA1c level was included in the model, only participants with a low-to-high HGI over 4 years showed a significantly increased OR for CAC development compared with the low-to-low group (OR, 1.722; 95% confidence interval, 1.046 to 2.833). Conclusions The participants with a high baseline HGI and consistently high HGI showed a higher risk for incident CAC than those with a low baseline HGI. An increased HGI over 4 years significantly increased the risk for CAC regardless of the baseline HbA1c levels.

Association between abdominal obesity and increased risk for the development of hypertension regardless of physical activity: A nationwide population-based study

The presence of abdominal obesity and lack of physical activity are both risk factors for the development of hypertension. The aim of this study was to analyze the risk of developing hypertension according to baseline waist circumference (WC). In total, 16 312 476 non‐hypertensive participants who were covered by the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) from 2009 to 2012 in Korea were included in the study. The participants were divided into six groups according to the level of baseline WC with a 5‐cm interval starting from 80 cm in men and 75 cm in women. The risk for the future development of hypertension was assessed in 2015 using the claims data on the diagnosis of hypertension and prescription of anti‐hypertensive medications. Approximately 7.8% of the participants developed hypertension over a median follow‐up of 5.48 years. The proportion of participants who developed hypertension significantly increased from 4.2% in the WC level 1% to 17.5% in the WC level 6. After adjusting for confounding factors, level 6 of the baseline WC had a higher hazard ratio (HR) for the development of hypertension among the 6 levels of baseline with level 3 as the reference (1736; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.72‐1.753). The participants with abdominal obesity had a significantly higher HR than those without abdominal obesity regardless of whether they engage in high‐ or moderate‐intensity physical intensity (1.741; 95% CI: 1.718‐1.764). WC had a linear association with the development of hypertension based on this large nationwide population‐based cohort study, which was not influenced by physical activity.

Prevalence and Annual Incidence of Thyroid Disease in Korea from 2006 to 2015: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

Background The incidence of thyroid nodules has increased worldwide in recent years. Thyroid dysfunction is a potential risk factor for hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, arrhythmia, and neuropsychiatric disease. This study investigated the prevalence and annual incidence of thyroid nodules, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism in Koreans. Methods In this nationwide population-based cohort study, 51,834,660 subjects were included using the National Health Information database from 2006 to 2015, after the exclusion of subjects with thyroid cancer. Results The prevalence in Korea in 2015 of thyroid nodules, hypothyroidism in patients taking thyroid hormone, and hyperthyroidism in patients undergoing treatment was 15.82/1,000 population, 15.94/1,000 population, and 2.76/1,000 population, respectively. All these diseases were more prevalent among women than among men. The number of incident cases of these three thyroid diseases steadily increased from 2006 to 2012, and then decreased through 2015. The incidence of thyroid nodules, hypothyroidism treated with thyroid hormone, and treated hyperthyroidism was 6.79/1,000 population, 1.76/1,000 population, and 0.55/1,000 population, respectively, in Korea in 2015. The use of methimazole continuously increased, from 33% of total antithyroid drug prescriptions in 2006 to 74.4% in 2015, and it became the most frequently prescribed antithyroid drug in Korea. In contrast, the use of propylthiouracil continuously decreased. Conclusion This was the first nationwide study of the prevalence and annual incidence of thyroid nodules, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism to take into account recent changes and to include the current status of patients receiving treatment.

Association between thyroid hormone levels, body composition and insulin resistance in euthyroid subjects with normal thyroid ultrasound: The Kangbuk Samsung Health Study

Thyroid hormones play crucial roles in the control of energy homoeostasis and can influence body composition. In contrast, the changes in body composition might influence thyroid hormone levels. We evaluated associations between thyroid hormone levels, body composition and insulin resistance in euthyroid subjects with normal thyroid ultrasound (US) findings.

P04.20: Pre & postnatal imaging findings of fetal neoplasms

by conventional 2D ultrasound, it was confirmed by another senior sonographer. 3D color and power Doppler were applied to delineate vascular anatomy of this area subsequently. Confirmation of antenatal diagnosis was made in all newborns. Results: Four fetuses with PRUV were detected in these 1067 cases. The estimate incidence is about 0.375% (1 : 267). Ductus venosus were found in all of the fetuses. All of them had no other additional malformation. Discussion: The diagnosis of persistent right umbilical vein was easily made in a transverse section of the fetal abdomen with ultrasound findings of the portal vein towards to the stomach and fetal gallbladder located medially to the umbilical vein by twodimensional sonography. The incidence of PRUV in our patients was similar to other articles. Reconstruction of portal system in fetus with PRUV by 3-dimensional ultrasound was easy to delineate the vascular anatomy of this area. We proposed this modality can be used to help to understand the vascular anatomy of the fetus with PRUV.

P04.21: Broad spectrum of ultrasound (US) findings of hydatidiform mole and molar mimicker

by conventional 2D ultrasound, it was confirmed by another senior sonographer. 3D color and power Doppler were applied to delineate vascular anatomy of this area subsequently. Confirmation of antenatal diagnosis was made in all newborns. Results: Four fetuses with PRUV were detected in these 1067 cases. The estimate incidence is about 0.375% (1 : 267). Ductus venosus were found in all of the fetuses. All of them had no other additional malformation. Discussion: The diagnosis of persistent right umbilical vein was easily made in a transverse section of the fetal abdomen with ultrasound findings of the portal vein towards to the stomach and fetal gallbladder located medially to the umbilical vein by twodimensional sonography. The incidence of PRUV in our patients was similar to other articles. Reconstruction of portal system in fetus with PRUV by 3-dimensional ultrasound was easy to delineate the vascular anatomy of this area. We proposed this modality can be used to help to understand the vascular anatomy of the fetus with PRUV.

OC24.07: Usefulness of measurement of the fetal thymus in the diagnosis of IUGR: a preliminary result

Comment: In CHD fetuses, increased DV Index, associated with reduced forward ductal flow to the right atrium, well correlates with increased right atrial pressure occurring in right outflow tract obstruction or in hypoplastic left ventricle. On the contrary in IUGR fetuses with increased DV Index and compensatory ductal dilatation, normal left cardiac output suggests normal myocardial function due to a maintained or even increased forward flow through the DV to right atrium.